Research 2 - Descriptive Analysis.docx

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS Helms School of Government, Liberty University. PADM 702: Advanced Public Administration, Finance, and Budgeting Professor: Leona R. Monroe, Ph.D., CDFM, DFMC3. September 2023. Author Note I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: Email: @libe r ty.edu DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS 1

To : Leona R. Monroe, Ph.D., CDFM, DFMC3. From : Subject : Descriptive Analysis. MEAN In mathematics and/ or statistics, the mean is the average of a set of values. To calculate the mean of a set of numbers, you add all the numbers in a data set and divide by the number of values in the set (Almond, 2023). For this analysis and with the help of Microsoft Excel, I individually computed (added) "State A" and "State B's" "total monthly income and sales taxes" from January 1982 through July 1990. I then divided each of those four categories of data by 102 (the total number of months taxes were generated for each four category). The following "Means" were obtained from the descriptive statistics I ran in Microsoft Excel:

STANDARD DEVIATION Standard deviation is a statistical measure of how spread out a set of values is in relation to the mean. It tells you how far each value is from the mean on average. A low standard deviation means the values are close to the mean, while a high standard deviation means the values are spread out (NLM, 2023). Because I analyzed these data collectively with the Data Analysis tool of Microsoft Excel, I was able to automatically generate the standard deviation for "State A" and "State B's" "total monthly income and sales taxes" from January 1982 through July 1990. This analysis shows that the standard deviation measured how less and more spread the monthly taxes are from the “Means.” The following "Standard Deviations" were obtained from the data I analyzed in Microsoft Excel:

COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION The coefficient of variation (CV) is a statistical measure of the dispersion of data points around the mean. It is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. The CV is often expressed as a percentage (Insee, 2023). For this research, the coefficient of variation (CV) helped me analyze and compare the results obtained from STATE A and B's monthly income and sales tax collection from January 1982 through July 1990 . Since the data I analyzed came from two different data sets, State A and State B (with different means), I could only compare the data using the Coefficient of Variation. To compute the Coefficient of Variation, I divided all the "Standard Deviations" I had early obtained by their corresponding "Mean" (standard deviation/ mean). Calculations for State A’s Income and Sales tax: 1. CV for “State A’s” income tax = SD of “State A’s” income tax SD X 100 Mean of “State’s A” income tax = $18,606,658 X 100 $42,178,465 CV = 44.11% or 0.4411 2. CV for “State A’s” sales tax = SD of “State A’s” sales tax SD X 100 Mean of “State’s A” sales tax

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