Essay on The Smoke Free Legislation of the UK

Surveys were sent to 35,000 male British doctors documenting their smoking habit, then repeatedly thereafter. They check the amount of people who have died over 50 years and results were issued and for the next 50 years. In 1956 Lung cancer deaths from smoking was had a higher loss of life than non-smokers, heavy smokers had a higher chance of getting lung cancer than light smokers. Cigarette smokers had a higher chance of life then pipe smokers. Smokers who continue to smoke have a high loss of life when compared to people who give

Every year, there are over 400,000 smoking-related deaths in the United States. A large percentage of these are due to lung cancer, whose leading cause is smoking. However, not all deaths are smokers themselves. Anyone in the vicinity can fall victim to second hand smoke. These people, through no action of their own, can have their lives threatened.

During the 1920's, smoking tobacco had been documented as hazardous to peoples health as studies had linked lung cancer patients were more commonly smokers. Since the 1920's various other studies had significant evidence to claim other health risks with pregnant women, children and the affects of second hand smoke on others. After all these studies came the debate on whether smoking should or should not be continued in a workplace.

Tobacco was in crude form since the early 1600s, and was mainly used for pipe-smoking ,chewing tobacco and snuff. In the early 1800s, is when cigarettes began to become widely popular in the United States. The fact that tobacco was bad for human health was not known around the time European had proscribed it to the Native Americans. At this time the physicians thought it would be an effective medicine. Around the 20th century is when they found that smoking can cause extreme health effects. In the 1930 is when a researcher in Cologne, Germany made the connection between smoking and the causation of cancer. A Doctor by the name of Raymond Pearl reported that people who smoke do not live as long as individuals who do not smoke. In 1944, the

Field, P. (1922, October 10). Coffee and Cigarettes: Second-Hand Smoke and Smoke-Free Laws. National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science. Retrieved October 10, 1927, from www.sciencecases.org/secondhand_smoke/secondhand_smoke.pdf

This act carried on from the battlefield to soldier’s hometowns as many soldier’s routines now included smoking tobacco at least once or twice a day.(learner) At the time, many people did not know the harmful effects of tobacco and were seen as unpatriotic if they disagreed with the sending of tobacco to soldiers. Although as time passed and World War II began, many of the soldiers who were seen smoking during the previous wars were now developing lung cancer. Years after the war, in 1948, a health report showed that lung cancer rates had quintupled in the last ten years. This report was published at a time when half of all men and one-third of all women were smoking regularly(tobaccopreventionk12). This evidence was not enough to discourage people and even the government from tobacco products, in fact the supply of cigarettes in rations to soldiers continued for another 30 years. Although as time went on, the evidence linking lung cancer to tobacco was

Many Americans can agree that they wouldn’t want their children being around cigarettes. However, there are still some parents out there that don’t provide the cleanest air around their young children. The advertisement used by the Child Health Foundation is used to show how young ones can die early because of these actions. Parents don’t realize how detrimental second-hand smoke is to their loved ones. This ad is effective in persuading the audience to be more cautious when smoking.

Now, more than ever, more and more people are beginning to look at tobacco use as a major public health concern. It is nineteen ninety nine, and the number of smokers is rising while the average age of smoking initiation decreases. There are those that believe using tobacco of any type should be illegal, or at least restricted. Others believe it is up to the person to choose whether to use tobacco products or not, however most of these people believe tobacco companies should warn their customers of their products harmful affects.

Healthy People 2020 describes some of the harmful effects caused by tobacco. Those causes outlined are cancer, heart disease and stroke, lung diseases, reproductive effects, and many other diseases. (2017) These harmful effects are direct to the smoker but are also harmful secondhand to those who because subjected to the smoke. Children are especially exposed to secondhand smoke as they have limited control in escaping from it. Diseased commonly caused and also discussed in Healthy People 2020 are “severe asthma attacks, respiratory infections, ear infections, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)” (2017) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services posted an article with the Surgeon General, titled, The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress.; outlined in

According to statistics in the 20th century the world over 100 million people died of tobacco-related diseases. However, the proportion of smokers has not decreased, or even increased due to the limited understanding of the harmful effects of tobacco smoke, knowledge is limited.

Just over a billion people worldwide indulge themselves with a legal substance that has proven too insidiously cause disease or death. Approximately six million people die each year from this legal drug and it is one of the worst threats to humanity worldwide (WHO, 2016). This drug is sold legally over the counter throughout many countries including the United States. The Surgeon General’s Warning, “smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema and may complicate pregnancy” was labeled on the packaging of cigarette boxes in the 1980’s. Eventually, launching a national campaign for smoking cessation. Despite the many laws that inhibit the use of tobacco smoke, these products continue to be a legally obtainable substance in the US with devastating damage as a result of their use.

Lung cancer was once a very rare disease, this disease was so rare that doctors thought that it was a once-in-a-lifetime oddity. Towards the end of the 19th century cigarettes and tobacco become popularised, causing a global lung cancer epidemic. In 2014, an estimated 221,000 adults in the United States will be diagnosed with lung cancer, (115,610 men and 105,590 women). Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the US. The one-year survival rate is 44%, the five-year survival rate is 17% (cancer). The cigarette is the deadliest artifact in the history of humans. Cigarettes cause around 1 lung cancer death per 3 or 4 million smoked, this is why the epidemic is so large today. Cigarettes cause about 1.5 million

Tobacco is one of the most widely-used recreational drugs in the world; mainly in the form of cigarettes, but also in cigars and pipes, and in combination with cannabis and marijuana in 'joints'. Although most countries put age restrictions on its use, over a billion adults smoke tobacco legally every day, and supplying this demand is big business. As well as having serious health consequences for smokers themselves, the pollution of other people's atmospheres with cigarette smoke also makes this an environmental issue. Attitudes have changed rapidly over the past twenty years. In the developed world, public opinion has shifted against smoking.

The November 1956 edition of the British Medical Journal published Lung Cancer and Other Causes of Death in Relation to Smoking: a Second Report on the Mortality of British Doctors. Doll and Hill’s first study was limited due to the small number of deaths that occurred during the follow-up period (n=36). By 1956, an additional 82 deaths had occurred which were attributed to lung cancer. With an additional two years of data, Doll and Hill were interested in rate-ratio of lung cancer associated with smoking, as well as any other associations that might be observed. Doll and Hill found that the rate of death of lung cancer non-smokers was about 0.07 per 1000, compared to the lung cancer death rate in heavy smokers of 1.66 per 1000. These death rates showed that heavy smokers were more than 20 times more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smokers, an enormous rate-ratio that was not fully appreciated at the time (p-value < 0.01), and that the ex-smokers received additional protection from lung cancer mortality compared to current smokers (p-value <0.02). Doll and Hill also noted that smokers were 6 times more likely to have been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis compare to non-smokers. At the conclusion of their study, Doll and Hill reported that in their cohort of physicians there was a strong association between lung cancer mortality and smoking

Ever since people started smoking researchers had been searching for its adverse effects to the human body. Fritz Lickint, in 1929 presented formal statistical evidence that cigarette smoking leads to lung cancer. This resulted in a movement in Nazi Germany which was strongly against smoking. As smoking is considered the main cause of cancer, it has different kinds which can attack human being anytime during the smoking period. The most common cancer which traps people is called lung cancer. About 90% of lung cancers these days are because of tobacco use. According to the fact sheet of CDC Centers for disease control and prevention smoking can also affect our bones.