Troop Effect Research

2. Based on the scale of measurement for each variable listed below, which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for describing the data?

Colour is a fundamental aspect of our perceptual experience of the external world and has attracted people’s interest for a long time, as can be seen in the voluminous body of research conducted over the past century to examine the physics, physiology, and psychology of color. In the domain of information processing, numerous studies have demonstrated

The Stroop experiment can be traced back as far as the nineteen century around the time of some particular works of Cattell and Wundt. The experiment was first written about in 1929 in German. The experiment was name after John Ridley Stroop after he had written the article “Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions,” which was published in 1935.there have been over 700 replications of this experiment

The research assessed in this article discusses the Stroop effect. The Stroop effect occurs when our selective attention fails and we are unable to attend to some information and ignore the rest. This study tests the Stroop effect by presenting the participant with a congruent or incongruent word and the participant is asked to type the color of the word or the actual word in a series of trials. In this research, it has been found that participants had faster reaction times for congruent items and slower reaction times for incongruent items. In addition, participants had faster reaction times when

The participants were presented with stimuli of two components which was displayed to them on screen. One stimuli was the coloured rectangular patch (3.5x5.5cm). This patch was presented in a variety of difference colours; yellow, red, green and blue. The other stimuli that was presented to the participants was a word, which either matched up to one of the four colours, however could have been in-congruent or congruent or a natural, control 'word ' being XXXXX. As well being presented with the patch, the words would also appear, in size 24, in the centre of the patch. There were four conditions for when the word appeared; 0ms (simultaneously), 100ms, 200ms or 350ms.

The mean (average-obtained from adding all variables and dividing by the number of variables used), median (variable at the centre of the range) and mode (most frequently occurring variables are measures of central tendency). They serve to identify the points between the extremes. As an example, if a survey asked users of a certain product their age, measures of central tendency help to determine the typical age of the user. The youngest might be 10 years and the oldest 70. However, the values in between these extremes are the most useful for the marketer. Knowing that the mean (or average) age is 32, the median 34 and the mode 31, 32 and 35, indicate that typical age of a user is early thirties.

To this extent, we can exhort a feasible connection for interference effects with identifying shapes under congruent and incongruent conditions. We hypothesize, and perceive previous research of visual perception of the Stroop effect, that the participants will react significantly slower when presented with incongruent shape trails in comparison to congruent shape

In conclusion, this lab helps us comprehend the significance of the interval, width, range, and boundary. It also provides a description of the different shapes a histogram can have, and why the shape is so important to the final

The Stroop effect was a phenomenon first demonstrated by John Ridley Stroop, who was the first person to study the effect systematically and publish it in English. In the Stroop’s colour-word test (Stroop, 1935), it was demonstrated that people took much longer to name the ink colour of the words printed in incongruent colours, than the words which were colour-unrelated. For instance, it took more time to respond ‘green’ to the word ‘red’ printed in green ink than to respond ‘green’ to the word ‘trust’ written in green ink (Stroop, 1935). For Stroop’s (1935) experiments, he first compared the time of reading colour words printed in black with the time of naming the ink colour of the words printed in incongruent colours; later he also compared

Though the results may vary slightly from the original study, the overall outcome was the same; it took longer for the participants to complete the English color test versus the German color test. We can conclude reading is an automatic process and can interfere with conscious processes. One limitation of our study was the age range. Older people tend to have a more difficult time with their vision thus making it harder to distinguish between the various colors resulting in a longer reaction time. Another limitation is the setting of the test. None of the tests were conducted in a laboratory setting nor by the same person so the results may be skewed. Though the distractor made the test more difficult the overall task could be considered a low load task therefore the participant could have easily been distracted, also resulting in an increased reaction

An experiment in demonstration of this was conducted by J.R. Stroop (1935) who introduced the color naming experiment known as the Stroop Effect, where he showed that when people have to name words in different printed color it interferes with their abilities to read them efficiently. Stroop asked participants to read words as quickly as possible in one condition where words were printed in all black and in a second condition where participants had to name the ink color in which each word was printed as quickly as possible. Stroop found that the participants were much slower at naming the ink colors when they had the distracting stimuli of having it in a different color, indicating that a possible explanation for the Stroop effect is that people quickly and automatically process the meaning of the word. This would therefore interfere with the ability to process a color effectively in the second condition. In conclusion, Stroop stated that conflicting stimuli to a certain task interfere with with the person’s ability to complete it efficiently (J. R. Stroop 1935). The study is worth replicating as it shows the limitations of an essential human ability that is heavily relied on. The aim of our experiment is to investigate the effect of two contradicting stimuli on the time it takes participants to name them

In testing for the Stroop Effect, three conditions were used in a pseudo-randomized way. One such condition involved participants naming the color of a word, when the word spelled out the direct opposite of that color. For example, when a participant was presented with a green colored word, the word actually spelled out “blue”, and vice versa. This condition was called the direct conflict list. A

However a correlation was found between increased reaction time and conflicting stimuli when the participants were given stimuli two and three and asked to name the stimulus’ colour. This interference was name the “Stroop effect”.

J. Ridley Stroop (1935) designed the original Stroop test using multiple experiments. He discovered in his second experiment that it took participants longer to name the color ink if the written word was not written in the color. For example, it took participants longer to respond “red” if the ink color was in red, but the word printed was “blue” (Stroop, 1935). Additionally, participants could quickly name the color ink if the word matched its color. Many researchers have conducted replications and redesigns studies looking at other aspects to better explain the phenomenon.

Hence, Klopfer (1996) uses a special assignment to test the participants in other categories; these results show that the other kinds of categories have an effect that interferes with the test, increasing error when the block of color and the word do not have any correspondence. Geukes et al. (2015) make a demonstration in their article called Stroop Effects from Newly Learned Color Words: Effects of Memory Consolidation and Episodic Context talks about the interference that language has with the participants, affecting the results of each category of the experiment. However in their experiment, Gaskell et al. (2015) found that trials with color words were proving difficult for the participants, than the trial that had only shown the color block. In different ways and different experiments, these two articles show a congruent results of the