1. What does it suggest when the cell has a lot of intricate smooth endoplasmic reticulum? 2. How are polymers formed in stepwise manner?
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1. What does it suggest when the cell has a lot of intricate smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
2. How are
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- 1. When considering tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes: a. Which ones do not help in resisting mechanical stress and holding cell shape? Why not? b. Considering how the mechanical junctions are placed in the plasma membrane, why don’t they provide a truly sealed barrier?1. Which is the membranous part that transports substance and serves as a site of lipid synthesis? Is it a smooth ER or a rough ER? 2. What is the energy storage of the cell? 3. What are the five parts of a cell that is present in both plant and animal cells? 4. What are the four parts of a cell that serves as the transport system of a cell?7) What would happen to the cytoskeleton if you replaced all of the normal ATP in cells with a chemical variant of ATP that behaves in every way like normal ATP except that it cannot be hydrolyzed to ADP? It would prevent actin polymerization. It would prevent actin depolymerization. It would NOT affect EITHER polymerization or depolymerization. It would prevent BOTH polymerization and depolymerization.
- 9. The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness (ie., cis and trans faces) to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. C) Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. D) All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.7. What aspects of the filament-polymerization process are common to actin and microtubules? What features are different? (Please limit your answer to bullet points or a single paragraph).2. "My Life As a Protein" Write a short story about your life as a chemical message/protein that was created by the nucleus. i. ii. iii. iv. Describe your journey through the cell after the nucleus has given the instructions to have you made. Describe how each of the organelles affects your journey as you travel through the cell and ultimately, through the cell membrane. Organelles you should mention include the nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, Golgi body, and plasma/cell membrane. Be creative and describe as many organelles as you can.
- 4.Why are bound ribosomes and golgi complexes especially abundant in cells that secrete digestive enzymes ? 5. What are the functional differences between a plasma membrane and a cell wall? 6. Discuss the endomembrane system.1. The cells of a celery stick have a salt concentration of 1% and a nucleic acid concentration of 4%. The celery stick is placed into a glass of salt water solution. The solution contains a salt concentration of 0.6% and a nucleic acid concentration of 6%. The salt can pass through the membrane, but the mucleic acids cannot. a) Describe the movement of the ions and the end results. Use appropriate terminology to explain your answer. b) Draw a labeled diagram of the movement of water (assume that only the substances mentioned can influence the movement of water).1. Lysosome is regarded as a body that is covered by membrane, a little smaller than mitochondrion and functions as storage for several hydrolytic enzymes. The enzymes in lysosome can digest substances that are engulfed by the cell and under certain conditions can destroy the cell itself. (a) Name ONE type of cell in the human body that contains many lysosomes. Explain why the cell contains many lysosomes. (b) State ONE different between the lysosome membrane and the mitochondrion membrane. (c) State ONE special feature of the lysosome membrane. (d) Explain how lysosome acts to release its enzymes in the cell.
- 2) Explain the role that cytoskeleton plays in the cellular biomechanics. What are the (C different filaments that cytoskeleton is composed of? Explain their function and m formation.1. The Size of Cells and Their Components A typical eukaryotic cell has a cellular diameter of 50 μm. a. If you used an electron microscope to magnify this cell 10,000-fold, how big would the cell appear? b. If this cell were a liver cell (hepatocyte) with the same cellular diameter, how many mitochondria could the cell contain? Assume the cell is spherical; that the cell contains no other cellular components; and that each mitochondrion is spherical, with a diameter of 1.5 µm. (The volume of a sphere is ¹/3ær³.) c. Glucose is the major energy-yielding nutrient for most cells. Assuming a cellular concentration of 1 mè glucose (that is, 1 millimole/L), calculate how many molecules of glucose would be present in the spherical eukaryotic cell. (Avogadro's number, the number of molecules in 1 mol of a nonionized substance, is 6.02 × 10²³.)3. The diagram to the right depicts a cell submerged in a solution. The cell membrane is permeable to water but not to sugar. Start by completing the % concentrations of water of the intracellular and extracellular solutions. a) What is the cytosol in this example? (circle the correct term below) hypotonic hypertonic isotonic b) How do you know? 30% Sugar % Water d) Predict: What is going to happen to the size(mass) of the cell? 60% Sugar % Water c) Because the solutions are not isotonic, osmosis is going to occur. In what direction is water going to move? e) Predict: What is going to happen to the extracellular solute concentration?