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- e. M line: Photo courtesy of LUMEN (Loyola University Medical Education Network) 5. On the photograph above, label the A band, I band, z disc, and a sarcomere. I 6. The sliding filament theory is used to explain the physiology of skeletal muscle contraction. On your own, using what you have learned from this activity, write your own description of what the sliding filament theory states.5. State the structure and function of each of the following parts of a muscle fiber. (See pg. 13 of Filled In BIOL 2401 Comp Obls.) Practice with this interactive online card activity. W Sarcolemma Sarcoplasm sarcoplasmic reticulum transverse tubules ish (United States) ● Definition Platelets that cross the cell which has a lots of acetylcholine receptors ● Platelets that cross the cell which has a lots of acetylcholine receptors 6. Identify each of the following structures when given images of skeletal muscle fibers such as the one below. an entire muscle fiber myofibril myofilaments SEP 9 Function Regulates what crosses the cells that has lots of acetylcholine receptors · (smooth ER) - stores Ca+2 ions sarcoplasmic reticulum transverse tubules . cisternae MacBook Air 0 Focus1. Explain the source of the signals detected by the EMG electrodes. 2. Describe the role of Ca2+, Na+, and K+ in muscle contraction. 3. Explain “motor unit recruitment” in your own words and relate that to why EMG values increase with greater force
- 21. Summarize the events that occur during the Excluation-Contraction Coupling Phase in a skeletal muscle. Practice by drawing in circled numbers in the images below to match the steps I have summarized below. Excitation-Contraction Coupling Phase: 1. When the end plate potential at the knob opens enough nearby Na VGCS on the sarcolemma, this stimulates an action potential (AP) on the sarcolemma. 2. This AP spreads down the sarcolemma and t-tubules. 3. When the AP reaches the cisterna, it twists a voltage sensitive protein called the dihydropyridine receptor (DHP receptor). The twisting physically opens a Ca*² channel called a ryanodine receptor (RyR receptor). 4. Ca¹² ions flow through the ryanodine receptor channel, out of the cisterna, and into the sarcoplasm (the cytoplasm of the skeletal muscle fiber) where they then diffuse and bind to troponin to begin the first step of muscle contraction. English (United States) CHEPut the following events of excitation-contraction coupling in the order in which they occur.1. Excitation2. Sarcomere shortening3. Generation of muscle tension4. Neural control5. Contraction cycle begins6. Release of calcium ions Group of answer choices 1,2,5,6,3,4 4,1,5,2,6,3 6,1,4,2,5,3 4,1,6,5,2,3 1,4,6,2,5,3Give an account of the excitation-contraction coupling (Figure 3) in skeletal muscle fibers. Highlight the role of dihydropyridine receptors and ryanodine receptors and the fate of A detailed description of the cross bridge cycle is not calcium ions after contraction. necessary. -Axon teminal of (=) somatic motor neuron ACh Muscle fiber potential Pion ++ Action potential- Na Motor end plate- T-tubule Sarcoptasmic reticulum lellll Ca2+ DHP receptor Tropomyosin Troponin z disk Actin M line Myosin head Myosin thick filament
- Know the Sliding Filament Theory & neurological events leading up to contraction. (i.e. from the impulse to relaxation). Can you outline how an electrical signal is transmitted from the neuron to the muscle? What is meant by the term “excitation-contraction coupling?”Refer to the electromyogram (EMG). Select the correct statements. motor unit C motor unit motor unit A. EMG 1 sec force Force production is modulated by recruitment of motor units. A motor unit is composed of a few muscle fibers innervated by an upper motor neuron. According to the Henneman's size principle, the large motor units will be recruited followed by the small motor units. Small motor units have small cell body. Large motor units have many fast twitch Type I muscle fibers. Small motor units have lower threshold and 'high' excitability. Large motor units produce high tetanic tension and contraction speed.Define hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. Explain skeletal muscle adaptations to strength training (over time, not acute). What are the mechanisms of action? What hormones are involved? What cell signaling occurs to produce hypertrophy? Identify two principles of resistance training and explain how they contribute to skeletal muscle adaptation. Provide at minimum, two reputable resources to back up your claims.
- Fasciculations of lower motor neuron lesions :-a- are caused by injury currents initiated in the denervated muscle fibersb- can be recorded by electromyogramc- consist of asynchronous contraction of the muscle fibers composing a motor unitd- develop later than fibrillations of the muscle fibersThe fewer muscle fibers present in a motor unit and the greater the number of motor units in a muscle as a whole: 1. the less likely these muscle fibers will fatigue. 2. the less likely an action potential will be generated in the muscle fibers of that motor unit. 3. the stronger the contractions of muscle fibers in that motor unit.Provide a explantion and diagram of the Intracellular mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation via antagonists such as atropine binding and blocking muscarinic receptors M3. explain how Atropine blocks the acetylcholine receptors