A researcher reads a news report about a high prevalence of diabetes among children residing in under resourced neighborhoods. The researcher wants to conduct a study to understand risk factors for diabetes in this population. They design a randomized controlled trial where children will be assigned to one group in which they are given 8 glasses of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) per day (treatment group) and one group in which they are given 8 glasses of water per day (control group). The researcher goes to elementary schools in under resourced neighborhoods and approaches children as they are leaving the campus to tell they they have to participate in the study. The students are not told anything about the potential risks or benefits of study participation and are not compensated for being in the study. Drinking 8 glasses of water per day is known to be better for health compared to drinking 8 glasses of SSB per day. Because one treatment is already known to be more beneficial than the other, the study is lacking: Equipoise Beneficence Justice External validity

A researcher reads a news report about a high prevalence of diabetes among children residing in under resourced neighborhoods. The researcher wants to conduct a study to understand risk factors for diabetes in this population. They design a randomized controlled trial where children will be assigned to one group in which they are given 8 glasses of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) per day (treatment group) and one group in which they are given 8 glasses of water per day (control group). The researcher goes to elementary schools in under resourced neighborhoods and approaches children as they are leaving the campus to tell they they have to participate in the study. The students are not told anything about the potential risks or benefits of study participation and are not compensated for being in the study. Drinking 8 glasses of water per day is known to be better for health compared to drinking 8 glasses of SSB per day. Because one treatment is already known to be more beneficial than the other, the study is lacking: Equipoise Beneficence Justice External validity