Dathway activity in the dentate gyrus, indicating that long-term potentiation does not occur in the hippocampus. the hippocampus is involved in memory. synapses in the brain do not behave like Hebbian synapses. synapses in the brain can behave like Hebbian synapses. stren
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- In the basal ganglia, which of the following occurs? disinhibition results in the inhibition of glutamate onto the thalamus the release of GABA onto the internal segment of the globus pallidus is excitatory In the indirect pathway, disinhibition blocks glutamate release from the subthalamic nucleus In the direct pathway, disinhibition blocks GABA release onto the thalamusG Lateral hom (visceral motor zone) + Ventral root Synapse in trunk ganglion at the same level level Synapse in trunk ganglion at a higher or lower level Pass through sympathetic trunk to synapse in a collateral ganglion anterior to the vertebral column Dorsal root -Dorsal root ganglion Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve -Ventral ramus of spinal nerve Arrector pili muscles and sweat glands of skin Smooth muscle of blood vessels Smooth muscle and glands of abdominal organs (e.g. intestine) 39 EffectorsThe thalamus has been described as a “switchboard.” Explain why, by describing the pathway of somatic sensory information from the receptors to the cerebral cortex. Describe the organization of autonomic motor neurons. Describe the structure of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic system Distinguish between the different types of adrenergic receptors and state where these receptors are located in the body. Explain what is meant by nicotinic and muscarinic Acetylcholine receptors and describe where these receptors are located in the body. Explain the mechanisms involved when a person blushes. What structures are involved in this response? Analytical Question: Case Study: Princess Leia has asthma, and had to use her inhaler before taking her physiology exam. Later, in the physiology laboratory, she measured her pulse rate and blood pressure and found them to be higher than usual. The following week, after administering some…
- Which of the following statements best describes the axonal projection patterns of upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex? Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex are cholinergic and their axons project directly to muscle fibres to control voluntary muscle movements. Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex are glutamatergic and their axons project to the thalamus, brain stem and directly to muscle fibres to control voluntary muscle movements. Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex project to the spinal cord where they synapse with cholinergic lower motoneurons that control voluntary muscle movements. Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex project to neurons in the cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem that in turn contact lower motoneurons in the spinal cord to control voluntary muscle movements.After NMDA receptors fully open in a post synaptic hippocampal neuron experiencing long term porentiation. Describe the specific ion flow through the receptor and the resulting events in the dendritic spine that result in enhancement or potentiation of responses to any subsequent stimuli from the presynaptic cell.somatic motor fibers preganglionic visceral motor fibers postganglionic visceral motor fibers visceral somatic sensory fibers sensory fibers Dorsal root Dorsal ramus Dorsal ramus- Dorsal root ganglion Dorsal root Start Ventral ramus Ventral ramus Dorsal root ganglion Rami communicantes Rami communicantes Ventral Sympathetic ganglion root White ramus communicans Start Sympathetic Gray ramus communicans nerve Sympathetic nerve
- Two neurotransmitter the mediate nociceptive information in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord are: acetylcholine and GABA glutamate and substance P glutamate and GABA substance P and acetylcholineThe thalamus has been described as a “switchboard.” Explain why, by describing the pathway of somatic sensory information from the receptors to the cerebral cortex. Case Study: Princess Leia has asthma, and had to use her inhaler before taking her physiology exam. Later, in the physiology laboratory, she measured her pulse rate and blood pressure and found them to be higher than usual. The following week, after administering some drugs (epinephrine, atropine) she later developed a severe headache and dry mouth. When she looked in the mirror she noticed that her pupils were dilated.Part D - Characteristics of Autonomic Receptor Types Place each phrase in the correct bin for the type of receptor it describes. Reset Help Found in sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways Found at target organ in Activate CAMP lon channels parasympathetic pathways Greater response to norepinephrine than epinephrine Greater response to epinephrine than norepinephrine Can inhibit cell activity Affect enzyme activity Alpha receptors Beta receptors Nicotinic receptors Muscarinic receptors Submit My Answers Give Up
- Inhibitory interneurons associated with the reflex arc are turned on by glutamate. Group of answer choices True False The tendon tap reflex can be elicited by a stretch in a muscle. What is the order of information flow from the primary sensory afferent to the lower motor neuron? Group of answer choices dorsal horn, dorsal root, ventral horn dorsal root, dorsal horn, ventral horn ventral root, ventral horn, dorsal horn, dorsal root In regards to the spinothalamic tract, where does the second order neuron cross midline? Group of answer choices at the spinal cord segment at the brainstem at the thalamus it never crosses midlineAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE FUNCTION(S)/CHARACTERISTIC(S) SYMPATHETIC DIVISION 1 Preganglionic neuron 2 Postganglionic neuron 3 Gray horns of the spinal cord 4 Dorsal Roots of the spinal cord 5 Ventral Roots of the spinal cord 6 Dorsal Rami 7 Ventral Rami 8 White ramus communicans 9 Gray ramus communicans 10 Sympathetic trunk ganglion (Paravertebral ganglia) 11 Superior cervical ganglion 12 Middle cervical ganglion 13 Inferior cervical ganglion 14 14a 14b 14c Prevertebral ganglia Celiac ganglion Superior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION 15 Preganglionic neuron 16 Postganglionic neuron 17 CN III Oculomotor nerve 18 CN VII Facial nerve…Which statement is true regarding the connections within the basal ganglia? O the striatum inhibits the globus pallidus O the globus pallidus excites the thalamus O the thalamus inhibits the motor cortex