Fishes living in areas where there is a runoff of estrogens experience a decrease in fertility; however, a researcher found that this trait was not multigenerational. This scenario is a result of Environment Genetics None of the above Epigenetics
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- A couple well informed about the epigenetic effects of nutritionand dietary supplements such as choline and folatedecided to take supplements before trying to get pregnant.Their first child was born with hair and eye colors very differentfrom the parents and has been consistently praised by teachersfor learning ability and memory. The couple attributes these characteristicsto their intake of epigenetic supplements. Now theywish to have another child and have informed their physician thatthey intend to greatly increase the amount of supplements theytake to increase the epigenetic effects in their child. The physiciancautioned them that studies available in human trials showno effect of choline on learning and that excess intake of folateduring pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk ofautism spectrum disorder in the child. The couple is convincedthat these studies are not conclusive, and while more research isneeded, they intend to pursue their plan of increasing their…Lamarck is remembered for his theory of inheritance which hypothesized that physical characteristics acquired during an individuals lifetime were passed onto their offspring (long neck in giraffes). How does this differ from epigenetic inheritance where the diet of the agouti/diabetic mother affects coat color and body size of the offspring (born brown and slim)? O The change in coat color occurs in the offspring and not in the mother O Diet has no impact on fur color, but it can effect body size O There is no difference between Lamarckian theories of inhertiance and epigenetic inheritance O Many genes are involved in determining fur color and body size, making it unlikely that DNA methylation can cause a persistent change in fur color and body sizeIn an epic battle, the Green Goblin was able to wound Spider-Man aind collect a samplle of his cellis. Usllizing a HuMiouse modiel organism, the Goblin got the mutated chromosomes into the animals and began breeding them to determine the basis of their chromosomal inheritance. In the process of conducting his research, he discovered the gene associated with spider-like powers are actually three distinct genes: one for spider sense: one for super strength: one for enhanced agility. All genes appear to be dominant, so the Goblin runs a test cross and gets the following results: Phenotype Agility Number of Progeny 94 Agility and Sense 3 All 3 Powers 580 Sense 40 Strength and Agility Strength and Sense Strength 45 89 15 592 No Powers What parental genotypes were crossed to get this data? O Heterozygous with a homozygous recessive D Homozygous dominant with a homozygous recessive O Heterozygous with another heterozygous Cannot determine with this information Heterozygous with a homozygous…
- Ancient societies used knowledge that traits are heritable in domesticating animals and developing agricultural crops. What might account for the failure to recognize that the same processes operate in humans?Through GWAS explorations, scientists have identified several SNPs linked to obesity in people who livein the United States. One of these SNPs was within agene called FTO. Interestingly, a common FTO variant is associated with obesity, but only in people bornafter 1945. Moreover, the later the birth year, thehigher the risk for obesity associated with this variantof FTO. Why would a genetic risk factor for obesityvary by birth year?Among mammals, measurements of the rate of generation of autosomal recessive mutations have been madealmost exclusively in mice, while many measurementsof the rate of generation of dominant mutations havebeen made both in mice and in humans. What do youthink is the reason for this difference?
- Let’s suppose that a species of mosquito has two different types ofsimple transposons that we will call X elements and Z elements.The X elements appear quite stable. In a population of 100 mosquitoes,it is found that every mosquito has 6 X elements, and theyare always located in the same chromosomal locations amongdifferent individuals. In contrast, the Z elements seem to movearound quite a bit. Within the same 100 mosquitoes, the number of Z elements ranges from 2 to 14, and the locations of the Z elementstend to vary considerably among different individuals. Explainhow one simple transposon can be stable and another simple transposoncan be mobile, within the same group of individuals.Genomic imprinting, where gene expression is based on the sex of the transmitting parent, demonstrates which of the following? O Sex-linkage Epigenetics O Pleiotropy O Epistasis Question 4 Snapdragons occur in nature as either green- or yellow-leaved plants. Suppose that a gardener crosses two yellow-leaved snapdragons, and one-third of the offspring have green leaves while two-thirds of the offspring have yellow leaves. What is the most likely explanation for this outcome? O The allele causing yellow leaves is a recessive epistatic allele O The allele causing yellow leaves is carried in the chloroplast genome The allele causing yellow leaves is a dominant lethal allele O The allele causing yellow leaves is a recessive lethal alleleIn Figure 6-21, propose a specific genetic explanationfor individual Q (give a possible genotype, defining thealleles
- The XG locus on the human X chromosome has twoalleles, XG+ and XG. The XG+ allele causes the presence of the Xg surface antigen on red blood cells,while the recessive XG allele does not allow antigento appear. The XG locus is 10 m.u. from the STSlocus. The STS+ allele produces normal activity ofthe enzyme steroid sulfatase, while the recessive STSallele results in the lack of steroid sulfatase activityand the disease ichthyosis (scaly skin). A man withichthyosis and no Xg antigen has a normal daughterwith Xg antigen. This daughter is expecting a child.a. If the child is a son, what is the probability he willlack Xg antigen and have ichthyosis?b. What is the probability that a son would have boththe antigen and ichthyosis?c. If the child is a son with ichthyosis, what is theprobability he will have Xg antigen?In March 2013, the American Journal of HumanGenetics published a report that an AfricanAmerican man who submitted his genome forcommercial genealogical analysis had a Y chromosome whose sequence was very different from thatof other Y chromosomes that had been characterized previously. The investigators then found thatcertain males among the Mbo (an ethnic group inCameroon) shared many of the polymorphisms firstfound in this African-American man. How do youthink these findings would have altered estimates ofwhen a man carrying the MRCA for the human Ychromosome would have lived on the earth?Compare and contrast epigenetic changes that are programmedduring development versus those that are causedby environmental agents.