In an ionic compound, the size of the ions affects the internuclear distance (the distance between the centers of adjacent ions), which affects lattice energy (a measure of the attractive force holding those ions together). Based on ion sizes, arrange these compounds by their expected lattice energy. Note that many sources define lattice energies as negative values. Please arrange by magnitude and ignore the sign. |lattice energy] = absolute value of the lattice energy

In an ionic compound, the size of the ions affects the internuclear distance (the distance between the centers of adjacent ions), which affects lattice energy (a measure of the attractive force holding those ions together). Based on ion sizes, arrange these compounds by their expected lattice energy. Note that many sources define lattice energies as negative values. Please arrange by magnitude and ignore the sign. |lattice energy] = absolute value of the lattice energy

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter7: Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7.74PAE: 7.74 In a lattice, a positive ion is often surrounded by eight negative ions. We might reason,...

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In general the higher the charge on the ions in an ionic compound, the more favorable the lattice energy. Why do some stable ionic compounds have +1 charged ions even though +4, + 5, and +6 charged ions would have a more favorable lattice energy?
Which statement(s) is/are true about bond enthalpy? (a) The bond energy for a triple bond between A and B is three times that of a single bond between A and B. (b) H for the breaking of a bond is always a negative number. (c) Energy is required to make a bond. (d) Bond enthalpy is defined only for bonds broken or formed in the gaseous state. (e) The presence of bonds does not influence the geometry of a molecule. However, the presence of bonds affects the value of the bond enthalpy between two atoms.
7.74 In a lattice, a positive ion is often surrounded by eight negative ions. We might reason, therefore, that the lattice energy should be related to eight times the potential of interaction between these oppositely charged particles. Why is this reasoning too simpler?
Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps (this is a simplification, as with all models): (I) removing an electron from the metal; (2) adding an electron to the nonmetal; and (3) allowing the metal cation and nonmetal anion to come together. a. What is the sign of the energy change for each of these three processes? b. In general, what is the sign of the sum of the first two processes? Use examples to support your answer. c. What must be the sign of the sum of the three process d. Given your answer to part c, why do ionic bonds occur? e. Given your above explanations, why is NaCl stable but not Na2Cl? NaCl2? What about MgO compared to MgO2? Mg2O?
Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, show how the standard enthalpy of formation of HCl(g) can be used to determine the bond energy.
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Element First Ionization Energy (kJImol) Second Ionization Energy (kiImol) I K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 75. Use principles of atomic structure to answer each of the following: (a) The radius of the Ca atom is 197 pm; the radius of the Ca2+ ion is 99 pm. Account for the difference. (b) The lattice energy of CaO(s) is 3460 kJ/mol; the lattice energy of K2O is 2240 kJ/mol. Account for the difference. (c) Given these ionization values, explain the difference between Ca and K with regard to their first and second ionization energies. Element First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) Second Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 (d) The first ionization energy of Mg is 738 kJ/mol and that of Al is 578 kJ/mol. Account for this difference.
Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G. determine which bond is stronger: the PCl bond in PCl3(g) or in PCl5(g)?
Distinguish between the terms electronegativity versus electron affinity, covalent bond versus ionic bond, and pure covalent bond versus polar covalent bond. Characterize the types of bonds in terms of electronegativity difference. Energetically, why do ionic and covalcnt bonds form?
Compare your answers from parts a and b of Exercise 69 with H values calculated for each reaction using standard enthalpies of formation in Appendix 4. Do enthalpy changes calculated from bond energies give a reasonable estimate of the actual values?