Let IP address 200.210.56.76/28 determine the subnet mask, subnet id, broadcast address, and total number of subnets and hosts in subnets. And use a nice illustration to demonstrate Remote monitoring.
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- A DoS attack has been reported against FTP server 192.168.56.1. FTP traffic spikes were seen prior to the FTP server being taken offline. A network packet capture is delivered to you through this link. From an investigator perspective, what are the IoCs of this case? By following the packet capture analysis methodology, synthesize the right filters that could be used to complete your investigation and answer the following questions: What caused the spikes in FTP traffic? What events took place prior to the FTP server being taken offline? Were any files transferred to/from the FTP server or were any user accounts compromised?Consider a home network connected to the Internet through a single home router that supports the Network Address Translation (NAT) protocol. The ISP is only providing a single public IP address to the owner of this network (82.7.30.73). Let us assume that one of the connected home devices with IP address 192.168.0.1 has an open connection from source port 30000 to a web server with IP address 172.217.169.4. The source IP and port of the incoming TCP segments that the web server sees could be: 192.168.0.1, 30000 82.7.30.73, 5555 192.168.0.1, 5555 172.217.169.4, 807.1 In IEEE 802.11, open system authentication simply consists of two communications. An authentication is requested by the client, which contains the station ID (typically the MAC address). This is followed by an authentication response from the AP/router containing a success or failure message. An example of when a failure may occur is if the client's MAC address is explicitly excluded in the AP/router configuration. a. What are the benefits of this authentication scheme? b. What are the security vulnerabilities of this authentication scheme?
- Assume that there are four routers (R1, R2, R3, and R4) and four hosts (H1, H2, H3, and H4) in a network (N1). H1 sends an email to an instructor H3 at SEU.EDU.SA. (192.168.1.1) and the router path is R1, R3, R2, and R4, but the H3 host find a parameter problem and dropped the packet. Explain how ICMP protocol can be used as a debugging tool and draw a diagram to illustrates the traceroute process for this scenario? PART 2 || Characteristics The Transport-layer Protocol It is a simple connectionless protocol with neither flow nor error control. The size of the send window must be less than 2m; the size of the receive window is always 1. Each time a single packet is lost or corrupted, the sender resends all outstanding packets, even though some of these packets may have been received safe and sound but out of order. Both the sender and the receiver use a sliding window of size 1. The sender sends one packet at a time and waits for an acknowledgment…Suppose that the average object size is 850,000 bits and that the average request rate from the institution’s browsers to the origin servers is 16 requests per second. Also suppose that the amount of time it takes from when the router on the Internet side of the access link forwards an HTTP request until it receives the response is three seconds on average (see Section 2.2.5). Model the total average response time as the sum of the average access delay (that is, the delay from Internet router to institution router) and the average Internet delay. For the average access delay, use Δ/(1 – Δ ), where Δ is the average time required to send an object over the access link and is the arrival rate of objects to the access link. a. Find the total average response time.b. Now suppose a cache installed in the institutional LAN, Suppose the miss rate is 0.4. Find the total response time.7.1 In IEEE 802.11, open system authentication is accomplished via a simple two-way communication. The client requests authentication, which includes the station ID, which is provided by the server (typically the MAC address). A successful or unsuccessful authentication response from the AP/router is received in response to the previous request from the client. For instance, if the client's MAC address has been expressly omitted from the AP/router setup, a failure may occur.a. What are the advantages of using this kind of authentication scheme?b. What are the security flaws in this authentication method and how may they be mitigated?
- A denial-of-service (DoS) attack against the FTP server 192.168.56.1 has been reported. Prior to the FTP service being taken down, there were significant increases in FTP traffic. This link will provide to you a network packet capture that has been captured.Is it possible to identify the IoCs of this case from the viewpoint of an investigator?Synthesize the appropriate filters that may be utilized to finish your research and answer the following questions by using the packet capture analysis technique. What was the source of the sudden increase in FTP traffic?What happened in the hours and minutes before the FTP site was taken offline?Any files were transmitted to or from the FTP server, and were any user accounts compromised as a result of this?The first thing needed is a IP-addressing range to use in our network. Since this assignment is done in a laboratory setting, we don't have to comply to the RFC1918[2] standards of private IP-addressing. An IP address is written in the form shown in equation (2.1.1). X grpl grp2 grp3 grp4 X grpl grp2 grp3 grp4 We need however to take into consideration that the address range of 224.0.0.0/3 have been reserved, for amongst other thing multicast. Because of this, we will need to use another modulus-value on the first octet when we are generating a usable ip-address range. Start by creating your groups unique IP-address range using equation (2.1.2) where {x,y EZ | 0≤x≤ 223,0 ≤ y ≤ 255} (2.1.2) where {x EZ | 0≤x≤ 255} Where each octet will be based on each group members birthday. Value X is calculated according to equation (2.1.3), and value Y is calculated according to equation (2.1.4). YY * MM + DD mod 223 YY MM + DD X mod 255 grpl (2.1.1) The fourth group in the IP-address should be set…Suppose we have a web page which contains 10 objects including: a html main file, 8 jpg image, and a .mp3 background music. For simplicity, assume each of the 10 objects has a size of 4 Kbits and that each object can be completely transferred in one TCP packet. Furthermore, assume the round-trip time between the server and client is RTT= 250 ms, and the download rate is 1 Mbps. What will be the time it takes to complete transferring the web page running in the non-persistent mode? Total delay = ms
- Consider Figure 2.12, for which there is an institutional network connected to the Internet. Suppose that the average object size is 1,000,000 bits and that the average request rate from the institution’s browsers to the origin servers is 16 requests per second. Also suppose that the amount of time it takes from when the router on the Internet side of the access link forwards an HTTP request until it receives the response is three seconds on average (see Section 2.2.5). Model the total average response time as the sum of the average access delay (that is, the delay from Internet router to institution router) and the average Internet delay. For the average access delay, use ∆/(1 - ∆b), where ∆ is the average time required to send an object over the access link and b is the arrival rate of objects to the access link. Find the total average response time. I get ∆=1000000/15000000= 1/15, then ∆/(1 - ∆b)= (1/15)/(1-(1/15)*16)=-1, so the finally answer is : 3+(-1)=2s or 3+0=3s?A frame containing http request is sent from Computer (A) [in whichever subnet it is now, make sure to show it in your figure], to the access point it is associated with. Draw the address fields (1, 2, and 3) of the frame travelling from Computer A to AP and the source and destination addresses of the frame travelling from AP to R1. The MAC addresses of AP1, AP2, and AP3 are M1, M2, and M3 respectively, and the Router R1’s MAC address connected to this Switch/AP is MRA. IP address values are already given, and the port addresses could also be used as given. The Router’s MAC address facing WAN side is MRW.A large number of consecutive IP addresses are available starting at 198.16.0.0. Sup- pose that four organizations, A, B, C, and D, request 4000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 ad- dresses, respectively, and in that order. For each of these, give the first IP address as- signed, the last IP address assigned, and the mask in the w.x.y.z/s notation. A router has just received the following new IP addresses: 57.6.96.0/21, 57.6.104.0/21, 57.6.112.0/21, and 57.6.120.0/21. If all of them use the same outgoing line, can they be aggregated? If so, to what? If not, why not? The set of IP addresses from 29.18.0.0 to 19.18.128.255 has been aggregated to 29.18.0.0/17. However, there is a gap of 1024 unassigned addresses from 29.18.60.0 to 29.18.63.255 that are now suddenly assigned to a host using a different outgoing line. Is it now necessary to split up the aggregate address into its constituent blocks, add the new block to the table, and then see if any reaggregation is possible? If not, what can be…