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- Give the 4 factors affecting the urine volume in physiological system. Explain how each factor affects the volume of urine.Potassium Sodium Identify the substances that are considered to be normal components of urine: Ketones Uric acid Urea Water Blood Glucose Ammonium x₂ Creatinine Microsoft Office Ho... Express VPNUrine creatinine: 180 mg/dL . Plasma creatinine: 2.3 mg/dL . Urine output: 1.6 mL/mi Creatinine Clearance (C) = (Urine Creatinine × Urine Flow Rate) / Plasma Creatinine What is C
- if normal GFR is 125ml/minute, how long does it take to produce 1 liter of urine assuming 99% renal reabsorptionWhy is this statement false? Without the renal medullar osmotic gradient, you would not be able to raise the concentration of urine above 1200 mOsmList some of the factors that affect the daily urine volume.
- Discuss why fluid intake is important for a patient diagnosed with a urinary tract infection.A 60-year-old woman with history of lung cancer is admitted for weakness and lethargy for 4 weeks. Her serum [Na*] is 120 mEq/L. She weighs 60 kg. Her serum osmolality is 250 mOsm/kg H2O with urine osmolality of 616 mOsm/kg H2O. The diagnosis of SIADH is made. What would be her serum [Na], if she receives 1 L of isotonic saline? A. 122 mEq/L B. 116 mEq/L C. 118 mEq/L D. 120 mEq/L E. 124 mEq/LUrine is not about eliminating water accumulating directly in the urinary bladder. It is instead a very sophisticated process that involves the collaboration of two systems during various phases. Discuss in great detail the urine formation steps.
- A 24hr increase of GFR from 90ml/min to 120 ml/min because of a change of filtration fraction from 0.15 to 0.2 with no change of 24 hr water and sodium intake is expected to cause the following: O A. Decrease renal oxygen consumption OB. Decrease body water OC. Decrease renal plasma flow OD. Decrease volume of urineDiscuss the formation of urine by the kidneys at the molecular level (ammonia to urea).Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition where the action of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) is inhibited. If normal urine concentration is 300 mOsm/L, what would you expect the urine concentration to be of a patient with DI?