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Genetics Q4
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- Question 2. Ribosomes are cellular structures that are composed of protein and RNA; this structure is responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation between amino acids during a process known as translation. a) Many antibiotics that kill bacteria target translation. Why might this be an effective mechanism to kill bacteria? Why don't antibiotics also kill human (eukaryotic) ribosomes? b) The antibiotic Kasugamycin (KSG) destabilizes the P-site of the ribosome. Describe what parts of translation would be altered in the presence of this antibiotic. c) How does the following graph show the efficacy of translational knockdown with KSG? Met-Methionine C % of Met incorporation 100 80 60 40 20 0 + 0 2 4 6 8 KSG concentration (mg/ml) 10Question 18 The tRNA having a cloverleaf structure suggests the following features EXCEPT some segments can hydrogen bond because of complementary A bases it is a single stranded linear structure with protein coding B sequences © it has segments that can form stem-loops modified bases are usually found at the loops in a stem-loop D segmentQuestion 47 (a) Use the following figure to determine the changes to the amino acids that correspond to the normal and mutated DNA sequences. Normal DNA sequence: 3 CAT TCA AAC ATT 5 Mutated DNA sequence: 3 CAT AGT GAG GTC 5 (Hint: Write the mRNA first, then identify the amino acids.) (b) What type of mutation is shown? First base of codon U C A G U UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA AUG GUU GUC GUA GUG UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA Met ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Phe -Leu Leu lle Second base of codon A C Val -Ser Pro Thr Ala UAUTYT туг UAC UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG. His Gin AAU AAC Asn AAA GAUT GAC GAA GAG Asp G AAGLYS AGG. GGU GGC GGA GGG Glu UGU UGC UGA UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG Bys A Trp G U C -Arg AGU AGC AGA аса за Ser Arg U C Gly AG A U C A G U C A G Third base of codon
- Question 36 During translation, translocation of the ribosome is driven by which of the following? A) ATP → AMP + PP; B) ATP → ADP + P; C) GTP D GMP + PP, GTP → GDP + P₁Question 1. Enzymes, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) macromolecules. Enzymes are not only speed up the reaction, but also are necessary for DNA repreduction. are important biological a) Compare the process of protein synthesis between eukaryote mRNA and viral RNA b) With the aid of a diagram, draw an adapter molecule that recognizes the codons of mRNA and explain its functions in DNA translation.Question 16 What happens when a stop codon is reached by a ribosome? A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and the growing peptide is transferred to it. When the peptidyl-tRNAter A reaches the P site, the ribosome is signaled to release the protein. The ribosome then is likely to dissociate. A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and the growing peptide is transferred to it. When the peptidyl-tRNAter (B) reaches the P site, the ribosome dissociates. A separate peptidyl transferase then releases the protein from tRNAter. A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site TRNA. The ribosome then is likely to dissociate. D A release factor binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site tRNA.
- Question 45 When TRNAS and rRNAs have bases that H-bonds with other bases far apart from each other, the RNA molecules assume its secondary and tertiary structure. A) True B) FalseQUESTION 21 Suppose the following are sequences at the 5' splice junction and the 3' splice junction, with intervening intron sequences shown as dashes and the branchpoint A shown, not surprisingly, as 'A'. What is the sequence formed after splicing? 5'-CUCAAUGGUACA- -----CGAUACGAGCACUGACC-3' O A. 5' CUCAAUGCACUGACC 3' O B. 5' CUCAAUGACC 3' O C. 5' CUCAAUGGGCACUGACC 3' O D. 5' CUCAAUGGUGACC 3' O E. 5' CUCAAUGGUACACGAUACGAGCACUGACC 3'Question 7 A unique 5'CCA terminal sequence is found in all TRNAS to be able to carry the correct amino acid to the ribosome. (A) True B) False Question 8 Predominant nucleotides during protein synthesis are the GTPS. A True B) False Question 9 The nucleoside monophosphates are seen in metabolic pathways because their phosphoric anhydride bonds can be hydrolyzed off for energy. (A True False Question 10 The cyclic form of the sugar in DNA is a beta-D-3-deoxyribofuranose. A True False
- Question 11 The triplet code allows many amino acids to be specified by more than one codon. Such a code is said to be A synonymous. B) degenerate. c unambigous D) universal.Question 11 All about RNA editing A. changing one or more nucleotides in the RNA transcript by deamination B. introducing premature stop codons C. altering amino-acid coding possibilities D. changing a splice site in a transcript E. self-splicing to generate the primary transcript (А) А, В, С, D only в) в, С, Е only А, В, С only D A, B, C, D, EQuestion 32 Using the genetic code, indicate which polypeptides would be synthesized if poly-UGG were used in a synthetic RNA? NA 2nd potion U postion CAG Phe Ser Tyr Cys Phe Ser Tyr Cys U Leu Ser stop stop Leu Ser stop Trp Leu Pro His Arg Leu Pro His Arg Leu Pro Gin Arg Leu Pro Gin Arg lle Thr Asn Ser lle Thr Asn lle Thr Lys Arg Met Thr Lys Arg Val Ala Asp Gly Ala Asp Gly Val Ala Glu Gly Val Ala Glu Gly Amino Acids A) poly-V B) poly-G poly-W D) poly-Y O A G ၈၈၈၈»nt The