Question Guide: 1. Name and write the structures of the purine and pyrimidine bases present in DNA. Purine Pyrimidine Structures:
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Q: TRUE OR FALSE 1. Nitrogenous bases cannot undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution. 2. Cytosine…
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Q: Watson-Crick model of DNA structure.
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Q: Which of the following rows describes the difference between DNA and RNA?
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Q: How would the bonding of a purine with a purine alter the DNA molecule?
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Q: Name: Activity #20: DNA Structure Directions: You may need your textbook to identify the nucleotides…
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Q: Name 3 structural features of the DNA and how they help the DNA perform its functions
A: DNA is made up of four nitrogenous encode bases adenine ,guanine ,cytosine and thymine. These four…
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- TRUE OR FALSE 1. Nitrogenous bases cannot undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution.2. Cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine while Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with Thymine in themessenger RNA.3. The glycosidic bond in nucleotides is stable in dilute ammonium hydroxide solution and dilute Sodium bicarbonatesolution.4. In gel electrophoresis, a DNA is expected to migrate towards the cathode.5. Tautomerism is a phenomenon observed in both purine and pyrimidine bases.N. NH 2. One of the key pieces of information that Watson and Crick used in determining the secondary structure of DNA came from experiments done by E. Chargaff, in which he studied the nucleotide composition of DNA from many different species. O=P-OCH, N. `NH, HN он O= P- OCH, NH, Chargaff noted that the molar quantity of A_was always approximately equal to the molar quantity of T. and the molar quantity of C was always approximately equal to the molar quantity of G. How were Chargaff's results explained by the structural model of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick? N OH N. O= P-OCH, OH OHTick the correct statements: Remember: Tautomers are structural isomers that differ from each other based on the position of the proton(s) and their double bonds. ( ) The nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids, which contain heterocyclic and analogous nuclei, can adopt different tautomeric forms involving multiple H+ that are exchangeable depending on the medium. In DNA, spontaneous formation of smaller tautomers appears to contribute to mutagenic errors during DNA replication, while in RNA, they seem to be related to increased structural and functional diversity of enzymes and RNA aptamers (research this and confirm if it is false or real) ( ) in relation to the figure, anomer 1 has beta stereochemistry with respect to the C anomeric of the pentose, and is making an N-glycosidic bond ( ) in relation to the figure, anomer 1 has alpha stereochemistry with respect to the C anomeric of the pentose, and is making an N-glycosidic bond ( ) In general, in naturally occurring nucleosides,…
- Identify the correct name or abbreviation for the given nucleoside or nucleotide. guanosine ADP dADP dGDP GDP Identify the correct name or abbreviation for the given nucleoside or nucleotide. GDP dADP ADP O deoxyadenosine dGDP OMP O || -O-P-O-P-O. fot O™ tt -O-P-O- O™ ܘ ܐ ܘ ܐ OIPIO N OH OH OH N H₂N N ΝΗ N NH₂31.) The following DNA fragment was sequenced by the Sanger method. The asterisk indicates a fluorescent label. *5'------3'-0H 3'------ATTACGCAAGGACATTAGAC---5' A sample of the DNA was reacted with DNA polymerase and each of the nucleotide mixtures (in an appropriate buffer) listed below. Dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) were added in relatively small amounts. Lane 1: DATP, dTTP, dCTP, dGTP, ddTTP Lane 2: DATP, dTTP, dCTP, dGTP, ddCTP Lane 3: DATP, DTTP, dCTP, dGTP, ddATP Lane 4: DATP, dTTP, DCTP, dGTP, ddGTP The resulting DNA was separated by electrophoresis on an agarose gel, and the fluorescent bands on the gel were located. The band pattern resulting from nucleotide mixture 1 is shown below. Assuming that all mixtures were run on the same gel, what did the remaining lanes on the gel look like? ( Fill in the gel below.) 3 Electrophoresis Il||Complete the following problems. 1. Draw a molecule of phosphatidyl serine using palmitic acid and linoleic (Δ9,12) acid 2. Consider the following coding strand sequence of DNA to a corresponding amino acid sequence. This represents the first amino acids to be translated. Underline the codon where translation will be initiated, and give the amino acid sequence of the peptide produced. 5’-CGATGCTCAAGTTTC-3’ 3. Within the matrix of the mitochondria, the pH is approximately 6.8 ([H+] = 1.6 X 10-7), while it is 7.4 ([H+] = 4.0 X 10-8) in the intermembrane space outside the matrix. Calculate the free energy driving transport of hydrogen ions from the intermembrane space to the matrix. Remember to include both the concentration and the membrane potential factors. 4. Draw the adenosine-5’-diphosphate.
- Select TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements: 1. Only one of the three phosphate groups present in each nucleotide precursor remains present in a DNA polymer. 2. Starch and cellulose are alike in that both contain sugars bonded together in identical ways. 3. The coding strand of DNA is complementary in sequence to the corresponding MRNA. 4. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesised by ribosomes in the process of translation. 5. Polyribosomes speed up the rate of transcription.Snake venom phosphodiesterase hydrolyzes nucleotides from the 3' end of any oligonucleotide and cleaves between the 3' hydroxyl of the ribose or deoxyribose and the phosphoryl group of the next nucleotide. It acts on single-stranded DNA or RNA and has no base specificity. Which nucleotide would be released first from the oligonucleotide shown below upon treatment with snake venom phosphodiesterase? choices a. Deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate b. Deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate c. Deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate d. Guanosine 5'-monophosphate e. DeoxythymidineQuestion 3: Look carefully at the structures of the two molecules shown below and answer the following questions. O= ddCTP O= OH O 11 HO-P-O-P-O-P-O I OH OH NH₂ ddCMP O 11 HO-P-O OH NH₂ A) What would you expect to happen if you added ddCTP to a DNA synthesis reaction in vitro in large excess over the concentration of dCTP? B) What would happen if ddCTP were added at 10% of the concentration of dCTP? C) What effect would you expect if ddCMP were added to the synthesis in large excess over dCTP? At 10% of the concentration of dCTP?
- Describe the functions of the following proteins during DNA breaks and repair: (i) Ku70 (ii) Uracil DNA glycosylaseAn extraction Buffer, EB(200 mM Trish-HCL(Ph 8), 250 mM NaCl, 25 mM EDTA, 0.5% SDS) is used for DNA extraction from cells. Use their stock solutions to prepare their respective working concentrations for the given working volume of EB. Stock Solutions are: 1M Tris-HCL(pH~8) 0.5M EDTA 0.8M NaCl 10% SDS Show final calculaed values in the table given below. Component 1L EB 500 ml EB 250ml EB 100ml EB 200mM Tris-Hcl 250mM NaCl 25mM EDTA 0.5% SDS dH2Oa. Write the structural formula of GAC, a portion of DNA. Write the complementary strand adjacent to it so that the complementary bases are side by side. Connect the appropriate base pairs. b. Sticking to the convention of writing the nucleotide sequence in the 5'-3' direction, what is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand complementary to ATGCACCATGCT?