Succinic acid is a diprotic acid with pka1=4.21 and pka2-5.63. The three forms (abbreviated H₂A, HA, and A²-) are shown below. Consider a 0.10 M H₂A solutions. HO. НО. M a. Rank the concentration of each species (H₂A, HA, and A²-) that will be present in solution at equilibrium from most to least concentrated. [H₂A] > [HA¯] > [A²¯] ▼ acidic 01 b. Will the solution be acidic, basic, or neutral? OH 0.0975 0 c. Find the equilibrium concentration of H₂A 2.5e-03 d. Find the equilibrium concentration of HA

Succinic acid is a diprotic acid with pka1=4.21 and pka2-5.63. The three forms (abbreviated H₂A, HA, and A²-) are shown below. Consider a 0.10 M H₂A solutions. HO. НО. M a. Rank the concentration of each species (H₂A, HA, and A²-) that will be present in solution at equilibrium from most to least concentrated. [H₂A] > [HA¯] > [A²¯] ▼ acidic 01 b. Will the solution be acidic, basic, or neutral? OH 0.0975 0 c. Find the equilibrium concentration of H₂A 2.5e-03 d. Find the equilibrium concentration of HA

Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133611097

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl

Chapter15: Acid-base Equilibria

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3RQ: One of the most challenging parts of solving acidbase problems is writing out the correct equation....

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For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb related? Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water CH3CO2H(aq)+H2O(l)CH3CO2(aq)+H3O+(aq) where Ka = 1.8 105 a. Which two bases are competing for the proton? b. Which is the stronger base? c. In light of your answer to part b. why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer. In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid. To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1 106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid. Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in water? List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids. To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH. RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acidic properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a_____acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a_____ acid. (Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)
Hydrazine, N2H4, can interact with water in two steps. N2H4(aq) + H2O() N2H5+(aq) + OH(aq) Kb1 = 8.5 107 N2H5+(aq) + H2O() N2H62+(aq) + OH(aq) Kb2 = 8.9 1016 (a) What is the concentration of OH, N2H5+ and N2H62+ in a 0.010M aqueous solution of hydrazine? (b) What is the pH of the 0.010M solution hydrazine?
One of the most challenging parts of solving acidbase problems is writing out the correct equation. When a strong acid or a strong base is added to solutions, they are great at what they do, and we always react them first. If a strong acid is added to a buffer, what reacts with the H+ from the strong acid and what are the products? If a strong base is added to a buffer, what reacts with the OH from the strong base and what are the products? Problems involving the reaction of a strong acid or strong base are assumed to be stoichiometry problems and not equilibrium problems. What is assumed when a strong acid or strong base reacts to make it a stoichiometry problem?
Most naturally occurring acids are weak acids. Lactic acid is one example. CH3CH(OH)CO2H(s)+H2O(l)H3O+(aq)+CH3CH(OH)CO2(aq) If you place some lactic acid in water, it will ionize to a small extent, and an equilibrium will be established. Suggest some experiments to prow that this is a weak acid and that the establishment of equilibrium is a reversible process.
What is a salt? List some anions that behave as weak bases in water. List some anions that have no basic properties in water. List some cations that behave as weak acids in water. List some cations that have no acidic properties in water. Using these lists, give some formulas for salts that have only weak base properties in water. What strategy would you use to solve for the pH of these basic salt solutions? Identify some salts that have only weak acid properties in water. What strategy would you use to solve for the pH of these acidic salt solutions? Identify some salts that have no acidic or basic properties in water (produce neutral solutions). When a salt contains both a weak acid ion and a weak base ion, how do you predict whether the solution pH is acidic, basic, or neutral?
. The concepts of acid-base equilibria were developed in this chapter for aqueous solutions (in aqueous solutions, water is the solvent and is intimately involved in the equilibria). However, the Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory can be extended easily to other solvents. One such solvent that has been investigated in depth is liquid ammonia. NH3. a. Write a chemical equation indicating how HCl behaves as an acid in liquid ammonia. b. Write a chemical equation indicating how OH- behaves as a base in liquid ammonia.
For each of the following reactions, predict whether the equilibrium lies predominantly to the left or to the right. Explain your predictions briefly. (a) H2S(aq) + CO32(aq) HS(aq) + HCO3(aq) (b) HCN(aq) + SO42(aq) CN(aq) + HSO4(aq) (c) SO42(aq) + CH3CO2H(aq) HSO4(aq) + CH3CO2(aq)
What are the pH and ion concentrations in a solution of 0.10 M sodium formate, NaCHO2? Kb for the formate ion, HCO2 is 5.6 1011. pH [Na+] [CHO2] [OH] (a) 5.63 0.10 0.10 2.4 10-6 (b) 837 0.10 0.10 2.4 10 6 (c) 822 0.050 0.050 17 10- (d) 5.63 0.10 0.10 42 10
Write an equation that describes the equilibrium that exists when the weak acid benzoic acid (C6H5CO2H) dissolves in water. Identify each of the four species in solution as either Brnsted acids or Brnsted bases. Does the equilibrium favor the products or the reactants? (In acting as an acid, the CO2H group supplies H+ to form H3O+.)
Composition diagrams, commonly known as alpha plots, are often used to visualize the species in a solution of an acid or base as the pH is varied. The diagram for 0.100 M acetic acid is shown here. The plot shows how the fraction [alpha ()] of acetic acid in solution, =[CH3CO2H][CH3CO2H]+[CH3CO2] changes as the pH increases (blue curve). (The red curve shows how the fraction of acetate ion, CH3CO2, changes as the pH increases.) Alpha plots are another way of viewing the relative concentrations of acetic acid and acetate ion as a strong base is added to a solution of acetic acid in the course of a titration. (a) Explain why the fraction of acetic acid declines and that of acetate ion increases as the pH increases. (b) Which species predominates at a pH of 4, acetic acid or acetate ion? What is the situation at a pH of 6? (c) Consider the point where the two lines cross. The fraction of acetic acid in the solution is 0.5, and so is that of acetate ion. That is, the solution is half acid and half conjugate base; their concentrations are equal. At this point, the graph shows the pH is 4.74. Explain why the pH at this point is 4 74.
Calculate [CO32] in a 0.010-M solution of CO2 in water (usually written as H2CO3). If all the CO32 in this solution comes from the reaction HCO3(aq)H+(aq)+CO32(aq) what percentage of the H+ ions in the solution is a result of the dissociation of HCO3? When acid is added to a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3), vigorous bubbling occurs. How is this reaction related to the existence of carbonic acid (H2CO3) molecules in aqueous solution?
A solution is made by mixing exactly 500 mL of 0.147 M NaOH with exactly 500 mL of 0.100 MCH3COOH. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of the species below. Ka of CH3COOH is 1.8 × 10−5 [ H+ ] × 10 MEnter your answer in scientific notation. [ OH− ] M [ CH3COOH ] × 10 MEnter your answer in scientific notation. [ Na+ ] M [ CH3COO− ] M