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- What is the principle of the coagulase test result? How does coagulase contribute to the virulence of some bacterial species?
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- Which type of hemolysis characterizes Streptococcus pyogenes, the bacterium that causes strep throat?Coagulase is aknown factor in the ability of S. aureus to cause infection. However, coagulases-negative staphylococci may be pathogenic as well. What are some of the factors that contribute to virulence of coagulase-negative bacteria?Klebsiella Pneumoniae produces a capsule: How does klebsiella pneumonia contribute to the virulence of the pathogen?
- How can activity of a hemolytic exotoxin be detected?According to the hemolysis results, how does Bacillus cereus differ from B. subtilis?Based on the journal article “Interpretation of the Tube Coagulase Test for Identification of Staphylococcus aureus”, what should be the result to conclude the organism is S.aureus? When is it necessary to have supplemental tests done for the identification of S.aureus?
- You are working in a lab studying Streptococcus pyogenes as a cause of necrotizing fasciitiis. You have an overnight culture that you want to know the starting concentration of, so do a set of six 1:10 serial dilutions (putting 1 mL from the stock into a 9 mL blank), with tube #1 being 1:10, #2 is 1:100, etc. You plate 0.1 mL from tube 5 onto a blood agar plate and the next morning count 134 colonies. How many bacteria (measured in CFU/mL) were in the overnight culture flask? A. 1.34 x 10^4 CFU/mL B. 1.34 x 10^5 CFU/mL C. 1.34 x 10^6 CFU/mL D. 1.34 x 10^7 CFU/mL E. 1.34 x 10^8 CFU/mL F. cannot tell based on the data given - you'd need to know the volume of the original culture flaskNot only is blood agar an enriched medium that can support fastidious organism growth, but it can also serve as a differential medium in the identification of streptococcal species because of the presence of red blood cells that can be destroyed by an organism's hemolysins. Looking at this photo, how could you describe the organism growing on the surface of this blood agar plate? Multiple Choice a) Gamma-hemolytic b) Alpha-hemolytic c) Non-hemolytic d) Beta-hemolyticIs the Triple-Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) a complex or defined medium? Explain based on its composition. Is the test tube a A) broth, B) slant, or C) deep agar medium? Why is a “needle” used to inoculate?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae occurs in two colony morphs: smooth and rough. Smooth colonies are virulent and infection of this strain can be lethal. Rough colonies are not virulent. You come across three samples labeled "A", “B" and "C." You inject these samples, singly or in combination, into mice and observe different effects as shown in the table below. You also recover blood samples from each test group to determine if you can isolate bacterial cells. a. Given the assumption that each sample contained only one cell type or extract, what was in each of the samples? b. Explain your answers. Sample Response Type of cells injected of mice A B recovered from blood dead live S cells none none live R cells live S cells live R and live S cells C none A+B dead A+C dead dead B+C А+В+С dead live S cells live S cellsWithin a 3-day period at a large hospital, five patients undergoing hemodialysis developed fever and chills. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pnuemoniae were isolated from three of the patients. P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter agglomerans were isolated from the dialysis system. Why do all three bacteria cause similar symptoms?A 65-year-old woman has a long-term central venous catheter for intravenous therapy. She develops fever and subsequently has multiple blood cultures positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis. All of the S. epidermidis isolates have the same colony morphology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, suggesting that they are the same strain. In what possible way do you think she has contracted the bacteria? Which link in the chain of infection has broken in this particular scenario and what will be your advice to avoid such infections?