Assignment no 2 _CVL910- F23
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Toronto Metropolitan University *
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Course
910
Subject
Civil Engineering
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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Pages
4
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Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Science
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL910 – Transport Planning
Date posted:
October 2nd
, 20
2
3
Submission Deadline:
11:59
PM, October
2
0
, 20
2
3
obtained in part (a). Discuss the differences. Which model would you prefer
for forecasting? What changes do you suggest to improve these models?
(c)
Using household size and number of vehicles in the household, develop a
cross classification model of trip generation. For each variable, justify
category definitions. Based on your model, explain how number of trips varies
with household size and number of vehicles. Compare your model with the
model developed in part (a). Which model would you use for forecasting?
Table 1-Variable Definitions. For more info visit:
http://www.transportationtomorrow.on.ca/publications.html
Variable Name
Definition
Zone
Zone number
dwtype
Dwelling unit type
n_pers
Number of Persons in the household
n_veh
Number of Vehicles in the household
n_lic
Number licenced drivers in the household
n_emf_ft
Number of fulltime workers in the household
n_emp_pt
Number of part-time workers in the
household
n_emp_home
Number of work at home persons in the
household
n_student
Number of students in the household
n_hhld_trp
Total daily trips of the household
expf
Expansion Factors
Trip Distribution
Figure 1 depicts a hypothetical 3-zone system. For each zone, projected trip
generation (in thousands of trips) in year 2041 is provided in the figure. Observed
(year 2011) morning peak-period trip matrix for this system is presented In Table 2.
Given these data, answer the following questions:
(a)
Using the biproportional algorithm, project the 2041 trip distribution matrix.
Continue the updating procedure for two iterations. Compute the error for all
rows and columns. Briefly describe the computational procedure and how
your answer is generated.
(b)
Table 3 contains travel times between zones in this system. Use the gravity
model
with
the
impedance
function
of
?
??
=
exp(−0.064
∗
𝑡𝑖𝑗)
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Related Questions
a) Table 4 indicates an urban zone’s expected household composition at some future year
and the calibrated educational-based trip rates. Estimate the total educational-based trips
in terms of "y" that the urban zone will produce on a typical day in the horizon year.
(A
Table 4: Household composition and trip generation rates
Number of motor
vehicles per household
Number of persons per household
1
2793
1.7y
4
5+
2046
H.
344
2472
3092
R
0.8y
2.Зу
717
3.1x
2.4y
1022
3.1x
2.4y
726
2+
H
294
2.1x
R
1.6x
3.3х
H= Number of households in category
R= Educational trip production rate (per household) in category
x-0.5y
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Determine the trip distribution matrix using "Gravity Model" of transport system with
given the data:
Trip Production of Zones 1, 2 and 3, correspondingly are 500, 600, and 800 tpd
Trip Attraction of Zones 1, 2 and 3, correspondingly are 600, 700 and 600 tpd
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A large residential area has 1500 households with an average household income of $15,000, an average household size of 5.2, and, on the average, 1.2 working members. Using the model below, predict the change in the number of peak hour social/recreational trips If employment in the area increased by 20% and household income by 10%. number of peak-hour vehicle-based social/recreational trips per household 0.04 + 0.018(household size)+ 0.009(annual household income in thousands of dollars)+ 0.16(number of nonworking household members)
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Q 02:
a) Explain the four types of relations between activities with examples.
b) Define baseline and explain the main purpose of creating a baseline.
Subject: Transportation engineering 2 lab
Write to the point answers to the following questions.
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A model for non-work related trips has been developed by the Texas Department of Transportation for Wheeler, Texas. The model is based on the number of trips per household:
Number of peak-hour vehicle-based social trips per household
= 0.04+0.018*(household size) + 0.009*(annual household income in thousands of dollars) + 0.16*(number of nonworking household members)
For the northeast section of Wheeler, the average household has six members and an annual income of $50,000. If each household has one working member, how many peak-hour social trips are predicted?
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A simple work-mode-choice model is estimated from data in a small urban area to determine the
probabilities of individual travelers selecting various modes. The mode choices include automobile
drive-alone (DL), automobile shared-ride (SR), and bus (B), and the utility functions are estimated
as:
UDL = 2.2-0.2(costp)-0.03(travel timepz)
USR
0.8 – 0.2(costsR) – 0.03(travel timesR)
Us = -0.2(costa)- 0.01(travel time,)
where cost is in dollars and time is in minutes. Between a residential area and an industrial
complex, 4000 workers (generating vehicle-based trips) depart for work during the peak hour. For all
workers, the cost of driving an automobile is $6.00 with a travel time of 20 minutes, and the bus
fare is $1.00 with a travel time of 25 minutes. If the shared-ride option always consists of two
travelers sharing costs equally, how many workers will take each mode?
arrow_forward
Problem 2 - Use of multi-nomial logit model for estimation of modal split
Use a logit model to determine the probabilities of a group of 5000 work
commuters choosing between three modes of travel during the morning peak
hour, including Privite car, Bus and Light rail
If 1450 commuters travel by bus, 950 commuters taking light rail, determine the
travel time of driving private cars (T).
The utility functions for the three modes are estimated using the following
equations:
Uc = 2.4 – 0.4C – 0.05 T
Ug = 1.4 – 0.4C – 0.05T
ULR= 0.4 – 0.4C– 0.05T
where
C = cost (£)
T= travel time (minutes)
For all workers:
• The cost of driving is £6.00 with a travel time of T minutes
• The bus fare is £2.50 with a travel time of 50 minutes
The rail fare is £2.80 with a travel time of 35 minutes.
where
P = probability that mode m is chosen
m' = index over all modes included in chosen set
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A large residential area has 1500 households with an average household income of $15,000, an average household size of 5.2, and, on the average, 1.2 working members. Using the model below, predict the change in the number of peak-hour social/recreational trips if employment in the area increased by 20% and household income by 10%.
number of peak-hour vehicle-based social/recreational trips per household = 0.04 + 0.018(household size) + 0.009(annual household income [in thousands of dollars]) + 0.16(number of nonworking household members)
Round off final answers to whole number.
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A neighborhood has 180 households with the characteristics shown in the table below. A count model for peak-hour work trips is described in the second table. How many trips do you expect from this neighborhood?
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Briefly discuss the difference between the four models of transportation. Explain how they are used in forecasting population and means of transportation that will be using different component of transportation system.
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12) List and define the 4 steps of the "4-step travel demand model" used in transportation planning.
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The following 3 Travel Demand Forecasting models were created to estimate the number of peak-hour trips in the suburb of Croydon:
T1 = 1.0 + 0.3(household size) + 0.01(household income in thousands of $)
T2 = 1.5 + 0.2(household size) + 0.01(household income in thousands of $)
T3 = 0.5 + 0.5(household size) + 0.01(household income in thousands of $)
The suburb has a total of 3500 households with an average of 4 people per household, an average household income of $90,000 and survey data shows that it generates a total of 11,550 trips in the peak-hour. Which of the above models is the most accurate?
A. T1
B. T2
C. T3
D. Can't say as 2 or more models are equally accurate.
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Answer the following questions based on your own understanding. Use your own words for answering:
1. Identify and briefly describe the two basic demand forecasting situations in transportation planning. What are the three factors that affect the demand for urban travel? Define the following terms: (a) home-based work (HBW) trips, (b) home-based other (HBO) trips, (c) non-home-based (NHB) trips, (d) production, (e) attractions, (f) origin, and (g) destination.
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Problem-
A transportation trip survey was undertaken between private car, and public car transportation. The
proportion of those using private cars is 0.45. While using the public transport, the further choices
available are Metro Rail and Mono Rail, out of which commuting by a Mono Rail has a proportion of
0.55. In such a situation, the choice of interest in using a Metro Rail, Mono Rail and private car would
be respectively.
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Please solve this question.
Subject: Transportation engineering 1
mum safety margin is 15 ft, centerline radius is 150 ft).
Problem No.3 Space Requirements for a Parking Garage
The owner of a parking garage located in a CBD has observed that 22 percent of those wishing to park are turned back every day during the open hours 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. because of a lack of parking spaces. An analysis of data collected at the garage indicates that 65 percent of those who park are commuters, with an average parking duration of 9 hours, and the remaining percentage are shoppers, whose average parking duration is 2 hours. If 25 percent of those who cannot park are commuters and the rest are shoppers, and a total of 220 vehicles currently park daily in the garage (i.e. parking spaces are 220), determine the number of additional spaces required to meet the excess demand. Assume parking efficiency is 0.90.
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Answer in 2-3 Sentences:
What is one benefit that a well-developed transportation system provide,
and what is the role of an engineer in making it happen?
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to no congestion on the road further downstream of the railway grade crossing.
QUESTION 5:
Consider trip distribution within 5 zones in an area. The total trip production from zone 1 is
1000. The travel times from zone 1 to zones 2, 3, 4 and 5 are 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes,
respectively. The trip attraction to zones 2, 3, 4 and 5 are 50, 200, 75, and 450, respectively.
Assume that the number of trips produced from zone 1 to zones 2, 3, 4 and 5 is inversely
proportional to the inter-zonal travel time.
(a) Estimate the number of trips from zone 1 to zones 2, 3, 4 and 5 using the gravity model.
(b) Assume that the future trip production from zone I will increase to 1,250 and the future trip
attraction to zones 2, 3, 4 and 5 will increase to 100, 225, 100, and 600, respectively. Predict
the number of trips from zone 1 to zones 2, 3, 4 and 5. The inter-zonal travel times remain
the same.
(c) Compare the number of trips from zone 1 to each destination zone between (a) and (b).
Identify the…
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QUESTION 3
a) Describe the factors affecting trip production and trip attraction in a zonal level. Explain
their effects on trip generation and why.
b) Describe potential travel demand management strategies which can increase average
vehicle occupancy during commuter peak hours. Explain how these strategies would
change travel patterns, travel time and fuel consumption.
e) Explain how residential development in low-density suburban areas affects mode choice
and travel distance of work trips.
QUESTION 4
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A small town has been divided into three traffic zones. An origin-destination survey was
conducted earlier this year and yielded the number of trips between each zone as shown
in the table below. Travel times between zones were also determined. Provide a trip dis-
tribution calculation using the gravity model for two iterations. Assume K; = 1.
The following table shows the number of productions and attractions in each
zone.
Zone
1
2
3
Total
Productions
250
450
300
1000
Attractions
395
180
425
1000
The survey's results for the zones' travel time in minutes were as follows.
Zone
1
3
1
6
4
2
2
8
3
3
1
3
The following table shows travel time versus friction factor.
Time (min)
1
2
4
7
8
Friction Factor
82
52
50
41
39
26
20
13
2.
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In a survey in the base year, the trip attraction, number of employees and shopping area in the zones are found
as follows:
Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Trip attraction
(Trips/day)
34,000
33,000
37,000
9,000
19,000
20,000
50,000
22,000
21,000
5,000
Number of employees
(persons)
2000
1500
3000
500
1000
1000
3200
1800
1600
200
Shopping area (m²)
250,000
350,000
150,000
80,000
160,000
180,000
350,000
60,000
100,000
50,000
Prepare a excel worksheet to calculate the generation model by regression analysis.
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Identify and briefly describe the two basic demand forecasting situations in transportation planning.
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I
100
3
25
300
1
Current Year
IV
50
75
25
200
Future Year
T[I]
T[I]
250
4
400
2
150
III
= 300
= 1000
T [III]
= 800
T [IV]
= 300
Distribute the trips for inter zonal movement based on Uniform Growth Factor
Method and Detroit Method. Compare the iteration number & give your conclusion.
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The following chart shows the average number of hours commuters spend in traffic delays per year
at the six most congested cities in the U.S.
Most Congested Cities
Baltimore
New York
Houston
Los Angeles
Chicago
Washington
0
10
O C
OD
OB
Ο Α
20
30
40
50
Average Hours per Year
60
70
80
Which of the following statements is not correct?
A) Houston commuters have a higher average number of hours spent per year in traffic delays
when compared to New York commuters.
B) Los Angeles commuters have a lower average number of hours spent per year in traffic
delays when compared to Washington commuters.
C) Baltimore commuters have the lowest average number of hours spent per year in traffic
delays.
D) Chicago commuters have the highest average number of hours spent per year in traffic
delays.
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make a little research regarding the Level of Service of EDSA and create an
assessment why does EDSA have that Level of Service.
Pointers: Level of Service Analysis(different Level of Service use to measure the performance of a certain road or
highways)
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Given the following transportation network and the production/attraction data in each zone.
3 min
3
3 min
4 min
3 min
4 min
2 min
4 min
2
7 min
Production/Attraction Table
Zone
1
2
3
4
5
Production
600
1000
500
Attraction
300
200
350
400
The number of trips that originates from Zone 3 and ends in Zone 1 is
13
88
29
None of the above
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A large residential area has 1400 households with an average household income of $40,000, an average
household size of 4.8, and, on average, 1.5 working members. Using the model shown below (assuming it
was estimated using zonal averages instead of individual households), predict the change in the number of
peak-hour social/recreational trips if employment in the area increases by 25% and household income by
10%.
Number of peak-hour vehicle-based social/recreational trips per household
= 0.04 + 0.018(household size)
+ 0.009(annual household income in thousands of dollars)
+0.16(number of nonworking household members)
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An airport runway accommodates 18 arrival flights in an hour and departure flights occur every
2.1429 minutes during normal weather season. During holidays, arrival flights are increase to 24 but
on bad weather conditions, departure flights is changed to 2.727 minutes due to a decline in flight
departures. Determine the queueing characteristics of the airport during these conditions.
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Suppose that the results of a peak-hour trip generation analysis for a five-zone small urban area is as follows:
Trip Productions: P=11,000 P:-93,300 P=12,900 P-203,500 Ps-90,700 person-trips
Trip Attractions: A,=135,800 A;-57,500 A,-80,900 A,-72,000 A;-85,200 person-trips
Given the following friection factor matrix (based on travel time and cost factors) as follows:
Fy Matrix
To zone
2 34
0.78
0.44
0.55
0.28
0.28
From Zone
2
0.44
1.30
0.40
0.70
0.33
0.55
0.40
1.30
0.44
0.80
4
0.28
0.70
0.44
1.80
0.44
5
0.28
0.33
0.80
0.44
1.80
Calculate the expected peak-hour trip distribution from zone 2 to zone 5 (T2s =?).
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SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Traffic and Highway Engineering
Civil Engineering
ISBN:9781305156241
Author:Garber, Nicholas J.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Related Questions
- a) Table 4 indicates an urban zone’s expected household composition at some future year and the calibrated educational-based trip rates. Estimate the total educational-based trips in terms of "y" that the urban zone will produce on a typical day in the horizon year. (A Table 4: Household composition and trip generation rates Number of motor vehicles per household Number of persons per household 1 2793 1.7y 4 5+ 2046 H. 344 2472 3092 R 0.8y 2.Зу 717 3.1x 2.4y 1022 3.1x 2.4y 726 2+ H 294 2.1x R 1.6x 3.3х H= Number of households in category R= Educational trip production rate (per household) in category x-0.5yarrow_forwardDetermine the trip distribution matrix using "Gravity Model" of transport system with given the data: Trip Production of Zones 1, 2 and 3, correspondingly are 500, 600, and 800 tpd Trip Attraction of Zones 1, 2 and 3, correspondingly are 600, 700 and 600 tpdarrow_forwardA large residential area has 1500 households with an average household income of $15,000, an average household size of 5.2, and, on the average, 1.2 working members. Using the model below, predict the change in the number of peak hour social/recreational trips If employment in the area increased by 20% and household income by 10%. number of peak-hour vehicle-based social/recreational trips per household 0.04 + 0.018(household size)+ 0.009(annual household income in thousands of dollars)+ 0.16(number of nonworking household members)arrow_forward
- Q 02: a) Explain the four types of relations between activities with examples. b) Define baseline and explain the main purpose of creating a baseline. Subject: Transportation engineering 2 lab Write to the point answers to the following questions.arrow_forwardA model for non-work related trips has been developed by the Texas Department of Transportation for Wheeler, Texas. The model is based on the number of trips per household: Number of peak-hour vehicle-based social trips per household = 0.04+0.018*(household size) + 0.009*(annual household income in thousands of dollars) + 0.16*(number of nonworking household members) For the northeast section of Wheeler, the average household has six members and an annual income of $50,000. If each household has one working member, how many peak-hour social trips are predicted?arrow_forwardA simple work-mode-choice model is estimated from data in a small urban area to determine the probabilities of individual travelers selecting various modes. The mode choices include automobile drive-alone (DL), automobile shared-ride (SR), and bus (B), and the utility functions are estimated as: UDL = 2.2-0.2(costp)-0.03(travel timepz) USR 0.8 – 0.2(costsR) – 0.03(travel timesR) Us = -0.2(costa)- 0.01(travel time,) where cost is in dollars and time is in minutes. Between a residential area and an industrial complex, 4000 workers (generating vehicle-based trips) depart for work during the peak hour. For all workers, the cost of driving an automobile is $6.00 with a travel time of 20 minutes, and the bus fare is $1.00 with a travel time of 25 minutes. If the shared-ride option always consists of two travelers sharing costs equally, how many workers will take each mode?arrow_forward
- Problem 2 - Use of multi-nomial logit model for estimation of modal split Use a logit model to determine the probabilities of a group of 5000 work commuters choosing between three modes of travel during the morning peak hour, including Privite car, Bus and Light rail If 1450 commuters travel by bus, 950 commuters taking light rail, determine the travel time of driving private cars (T). The utility functions for the three modes are estimated using the following equations: Uc = 2.4 – 0.4C – 0.05 T Ug = 1.4 – 0.4C – 0.05T ULR= 0.4 – 0.4C– 0.05T where C = cost (£) T= travel time (minutes) For all workers: • The cost of driving is £6.00 with a travel time of T minutes • The bus fare is £2.50 with a travel time of 50 minutes The rail fare is £2.80 with a travel time of 35 minutes. where P = probability that mode m is chosen m' = index over all modes included in chosen setarrow_forwardA large residential area has 1500 households with an average household income of $15,000, an average household size of 5.2, and, on the average, 1.2 working members. Using the model below, predict the change in the number of peak-hour social/recreational trips if employment in the area increased by 20% and household income by 10%. number of peak-hour vehicle-based social/recreational trips per household = 0.04 + 0.018(household size) + 0.009(annual household income [in thousands of dollars]) + 0.16(number of nonworking household members) Round off final answers to whole number.arrow_forwardA neighborhood has 180 households with the characteristics shown in the table below. A count model for peak-hour work trips is described in the second table. How many trips do you expect from this neighborhood?arrow_forward
- Briefly discuss the difference between the four models of transportation. Explain how they are used in forecasting population and means of transportation that will be using different component of transportation system.arrow_forward12) List and define the 4 steps of the "4-step travel demand model" used in transportation planning.arrow_forwardThe following 3 Travel Demand Forecasting models were created to estimate the number of peak-hour trips in the suburb of Croydon: T1 = 1.0 + 0.3(household size) + 0.01(household income in thousands of $) T2 = 1.5 + 0.2(household size) + 0.01(household income in thousands of $) T3 = 0.5 + 0.5(household size) + 0.01(household income in thousands of $) The suburb has a total of 3500 households with an average of 4 people per household, an average household income of $90,000 and survey data shows that it generates a total of 11,550 trips in the peak-hour. Which of the above models is the most accurate? A. T1 B. T2 C. T3 D. Can't say as 2 or more models are equally accurate.arrow_forward
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Recommended textbooks for you
- Traffic and Highway EngineeringCivil EngineeringISBN:9781305156241Author:Garber, Nicholas J.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Traffic and Highway Engineering
Civil Engineering
ISBN:9781305156241
Author:Garber, Nicholas J.
Publisher:Cengage Learning