Haemostasis: Coagulation Screening & Corrections Practical
Introduction (10 marks)
• Introduce utility of coagulation
• Theory behind the tests
• Clinical relevance of the tests
Coagulation tests measure functions that are related with clotting, coagulation consists of drawing blood and observing it clot. Chelating out the calcium and beginning the clot in a controlled environment. Coagulation tests used to find out if an individual has a clotting disorders and to measure the various proteins and how they function. There are many conditions that can causes problems with coagulation for example thrombophilia and haemophilia. (TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND HEMOSTASIS BOOK) The parts in bold are the initiation sites of coagulation.
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) measures the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, which is the generation of fibrin, kaolin activates Factor XII, without activating factor VII. Factor XII converted to XIIa, factor VIIa converts factor XI to XIa, factor XIa converts X to Xa with the help of calcium ions and factor VIIIa, factor Xa then activates the common pathway of coagulation. Platelet factors are needed so the coagulation pathway functions normally. APTT is a good screening test for those with inherited or acquired factor deficiencies. For example some examples of inherited disorders are classic haemophilia A which is a factor VIII deficiency, haemophilia B which is a factor IX deficiency. These diseases causes a prolonged APTT.
This test is used to detect the hemolytic activity in the bacteria. A darkish green color on the media around the bacteria would represent incomplete hemolysis. A transparent media around the bacteria colony represents complete lysis of the red blood cells. If no change is observed around the bacteria colony then the bacteria is non-hemolytic. For my
What impact does the illness have on the blood’s ability to clot? Include the role of vitamin K and the specific clotting proteins affected. Also discuss platelet production. Describe the test that is typically run to test the blood’s clotting ability.
During the blood test, for example, the presence of clots in the blood sample can artificially increase the drug concentration on the report since blood is a heterogeneous mixture, which often forms clots. The possibility of blood clotting cannot be ignored because it occurs very frequently for many reasons, such as certain
To state the purpose of the following hematologic tests: total white blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, total red blood cell count,
belonging and family, whereas in the outside world they were seen as enemies. As a result, it becomes apparent that minorities from different backgrounds face similar difficulties when trying to assimilate into the American culture. It is through these difficulties that they begin to develop feelings of loneliness, and what can potentially motivate them to go down a path of delinquency, as it is a lot easier than having to face the challenges of trying to adapt to a different culture.
Screen the individual for any and all drugs which interfere with clotting of blood and would cause strokes or interferences with cascade of the clotting factors.
-Blood vessels , Platelets and Coagulation factor : the function of this three components is make thrombus formation.
clotting in vessels. This makes the person more vulnerable if when cut for the blood flow to cease in
A hemoglobin test is normally part of the CBC and is used to measure the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is the protein carried by the red blood cells that transports oxygen to the body's tissues and also carries away carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. If a hemoglobin test results in a low hemoglobin count, it's usually a sign of anemia
Blood protein testing: A test to examine various proteins in the blood can aid in detecting certain abnormal immune system proteins that are sometimes elevated in people with multiple myeloma ("Leukemia Home Page - National Cancer Institute").
An evaluation typically includes a complete blood count (CBC), a visual look at the blood cells placed on a glass
APC resistance assay is a screening test for Factor V Leiden mutation. An aPTT is performed on the patient’s sample first. Then a second aPTT is performed with Activated C protein(APC). The two results are compared as a ratio: (aPTT + APC/ aPTT - APC). If the patient has normal Factor V, then this ratio will be greater than two. If it is greater than two, then the patient may have Factor V Leiden.1
•A Coomb’s test is used to detect the presence of antibodies that coat and damage red blood cells (Moisio & Moisio, p. 134).
Factor X is activated by other coagulation factors (XII becomes XIIa, XI – XIa, IX- IXa, VIII and lastly, X). Factor IXa normally activates factor X to factor Xa. Then Factor Xa activates other blood proteins, including factor V, and factor II (prothrombin) which is converted to thrombin. This chain reaction allows the coagulation process to continue. If one of the coagulation factors is absent or deficient, the chain reaction is broken, and the bleeding is not
collated giving a possible clinical scenario for each patient AND HOW YOU ARRIVED AT THIS CONCLUSION (Including