Soaps and Detergents
Kelsea Farmer
Chemistry 102 Laboratory, Section 2
Instructor: Qiuying Zhang
September 19, 2016
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Discussion and Scientific Explanation
The purpose of this lab was to create soaps and detergents and test their cleaning ability. We created four different soaps and two detergents using different starting materials composed of oils and fats for the soaps and lauryl alcohol and sulfuric acid for the detergents. Soaps are created by a process called saponification, which is the formation of a salt by combing an acid and a base.1 Soap and detergent are effective cleaning agents because they have hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends.1 The hydrophobic ends interact with the dirt and oil while the hydrophilic ends interact with the water molecules effectively washing the dirt and oil away.2 While soaps and detergents are very similar in their cleaning ability, they have a major difference being that soaps are made from natural products and detergents are made from synthetic materials.3 In order to make the soaps, we used four different starting materials including lard, shortening, olive oil, and vegetable oil.
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• Bellis, Mary. "The History of Soap and Detergent." About.com Inventors. About.com, 17 June 2015. Web. 14 Jan. 2016.
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The goal of this project was to make, and test four soaps, and two detergents. The purpose of making four different soaps and two detergents was needed in order to decide which one would be best for the environmental group to use in the future that would allow for the safest cleanup of an oil spill while not harming the animals or the environment in the process. It was necessary to test the impact of the four soaps and two detergents by analyzing their different properties based off of their specific characteristics and the wastewater left over from the vacuum filtration procedure. This procedure had to be undertaken in order to confirm which of the soaps and detergents synthesized is most
Biocides are microorganisms or chemicals that can nullify the dangerous effects of harmful organisms. In lower concentrations of a biocide like triclosan, this synthetic broad spectrum chemical has bacteriostatic effects by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. At higher concentrations triclosan can exert bactericidal effects by acting as a disinfectant and antiseptic [3], [4]. Due to its non-specific anti-bacterial properties, this biocide has been overused in toys, cosmetics, and medical devices [5]. Due to the prevalent usage of triclosan, the bacteria of today
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In this day and age, soap is manufactured with a process called saponification. This is the process of where fats and oils are heated with the presence of a strong base usually sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, this produces a fatty acid salt and glycerol. The salt of the fatty acid is the waxy and soft material of the soap. Soap is one of the greatest products to be ever invented by humans. It has a great deal of multi purposes such has getting objects clean or even killing bacteria. Just like any other inventions, soap has its flaws. One of the main flaws would be that it has a tendency to form precipitates in hard water. Washing with soap in hard water leads to reacting with chemicals to form sum, which forces to throw out the soap since you cannot clean anything. In 1916 the first synthetic soap was invented in Germany during World War I due to the shortage of fats for making the soap as well so it doesn’t react with hard water.8 The pH, how it lathers, removes grease and removes dirt is how a soap can be determined to be a either a good soap or a bad one.
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I hereby confirm that this assignment is my own work. I have identified and acknowledged all sources used in this assignment and have referenced according to the Harvard referencing system. I have read and understood the Plagiarism and Collusion section provided with the assignment brief and understood the consequences of plagiarising.
Laundry detergents are a cleansing agent that is widely used in the industry to clean laundry. The term “detergent” refers to mixtures of chemical compounds including Alkyl Sulphonates, which are similar to soap but less affected by hard water (Farlex, 2014). Like soap, detergent increases the ability of water to penetrate fabric and break down greases and dirt, however they are derived from organic acids rather than fatty acids (Mifflin, 2005). A detergent is an ion or molecule that contains both polar and nonpolar components. The polar component allows the detergent to dissolve in the water, whereas the nonpolar component solubilizes greasy materials that are the usual target of the cleaning process. Their molecules then surround the particles of grease and dirt, allowing them to be carried away thus leaving your clothes clean. This EEI explores the performance of two different laundry powders (Fab and Woolworths select Home brand) in different types of water; ranging from soft to hard. These detergents were compared and analysed in different types of water from varying locations to determine whether water hardness has an effect on the cleaning ability of detergents, and whether products should be specifically formulated depending on the type of water.
compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3%. Out of this, the machine wash or automatic sales has