Chapter 1
1) Describe the geological and geographical conditions that set the stage for North American history. - In the geological aspect, the Native Americans that tended to the land did not aggressively control the land leaving rich soil for the incoming Europeans to later on control. But they also burnt down many trees to create living spaces for the tribes. Geographically it was good for the Europeans because it was by the water and all the rocks underneath the top layer of soil were rich for farming.
2) Describe the origin and development of the major Indian cultures of the Americas. -The Indian Tribes like the Aztecs and the Incas were very infamous for working the fields, like taking care of corn and crops, which later reached the Southwest first and later on North America. This led to the cultivation of beans and maize in the southwest which inevitably started farming in America.
3) Explain the developments in Europe and Africa that led up to Columbia’s voyage to America. - Because Spain and Portugal were rivals, they were always trying to out beat each other. Since the Portuguese set up trading posts in Africa first, other European countries started and later on Spain set up posts too. Because the Portuguese didn’t like taking water routes, it took them longer to get to India through land to get spices and jewels. While this was happening, the Spanish people became unified and seeing that they were now stronger, planned to outstrip their rivals of the Indian
Another area in which the Indians thrived was that of agriculture and their understanding of the earth. Europeans had little knowledge of agriculture, or chose not to use what they did have. Europe was in a state of agricultural depression. Most of the soil was completely exhausted due to overuse and general mistreatment of the land. Both activities which continued in America.
Though, Columbus’s voyage was unsuccessful, it created a fluctuation of quest throughout the other European superpowers to find a trade route to India. Similar to Spain, France had an Italian merchant Giovanni Verrazano.In addition, England hired an Italian merchant John Cabot. After the Italian merchant voyage to find India's route route fail the motivation for wealth gradually grows,though Spain differs due to motivate of glory and God. Therefore, it is elucidated that finding a trade route to India through hiring Italian merchants were similar factors in the motivations between the major European superpowers there are differences lay in their individual methods for abstracting
The Native Americans sustained and took care of their home, while the Europeans pushed and pulled for more money to fall from it. This caused the land to lose a lot of its density and eventually the Europeans’ wealth as well. Things that were lost were proper farming grounds, culture of the Native Americans, and wild life. Different views of the Europeans and Native Americans caused a lot of conflict. The Europeans’ views on the Indians’ way of life became critical once they saw and felt as if their society was not controlled
One misconception that the Europeans had about North America was that the land had never truly been used. They believed the land had never been used for crops or homesteading, as evidenced by Alexis de Tocqueville. “North America was inhabited only by wandering tribes who had no thought of profiting by the natural riches of the soil.” In fact, it is quite the opposite. Many tribes utilized the fertile land, employing
i) Corn reached American Southwest by about 1200 B.C. and the Pueblo people in Rio Grande valley constructed irrigation systems, while other places were less developed.
They also brought over new types of diseases that the Native Americans were never immune to. The Europeans also brought over farming tools that would benefit the
6. Describe the impact of the Columbian Exchange in food, people, diseases, and gold on the Americans, Europe, and Africa.
Portugal was one of the, if not the only, technological and economic geniuses of the fifteenth century. As a result of their genius, Portugal was able to build one of the first caravels and sail around the coast of Africa in an attempt to find a sea route to India. As a result of this attempt,
The whole continent offered a range of different weather conditions, different physical features of the area, varies greenery, animals and uncooked materials. Those are objects that the European Americans could travel through and explore. Therefore the possible of obtaining these new resources and the enormous areas of land were waiting for the European Americans to locate. Some of the land was practically free.
Discuss the forces that drove Europeans to exploration. Why was America discovered in 1492 and not two centuries earlier or two centuries later?
The initial inhabitants of North and South America, known as Paleo-Indians, arrived here over thousands of years ago. It is believed that the Native American forefathers reached this country via a piece of land that linked Asia to North America. Upon arrival, the Paleo-Indians split into numerous tribes. They broke off into a number of tribes, including but not limited to, the Paiutes, the Shoshonis, the Algonquians, the Aztecs, and the Mayans. The Paiutes and the Shoshonis tended to migrate seasonally. They are both tribes that settled in Nevada and Utah. The Algonquian tribe inhabited present-day northeastern United States and eastern Canada. They preferred to remain in their territories, they rarely migrated. The Aztecs, a bellicose nation, colonized what is now Mexico and Guatemala. The Aztecs had gained power over central Mexico before the Spanish accessed the new world. The Mayans also settled in Mexico and Guatemala. They were a very intelligent nation that already had writing and mathematics systems in place by the time the Spanish arrived. The various indigenous tribes then settled in a variety of places across the Americas and formed their own religious and cultural practices.
In general, they were the first people to cultivate chocolate, corn, cotton, peanuts, pineapples, potatoes, rubber, quinine, tobacco, and vanilla. But, in the frozen tundra of Western Alaska, Native Americans dealt with arctic conditions. They relied on hunting and fishing. They hunted seals, whales, and other marine mammals. These animals were not only useful as food, but as skinned layers of clothing that kept them warm in such climate. However, in milder regions along the northwest Pacific Coast, the people there could produce food with very little effort. The physical environment impacted them by providing marine life for fishing. In the Southwest, some of the earliest farming societies developed. Since the environment was desert, Native Americans developed complex irrigation systems for farming. They even dug wells, built ponds, and built dams to collect rainwater to water their crops in the desert weather. All across the different regions and climates where the First American lived, they all adapted to thrive in whatever environment they were dealing
Europeans came to the Americas for many different reasons. Religious freedom, adventure, gold, new opportunity, and land are a few of them. Perhaps the most serious was the different way that Europeans and Native Americans thought about land. Land was extremely important to European settlers because land meant wealth, in which they established many communities where they lived and worked. Many of the settlers in the new country could have never owned land in Europe because they were too poor. The Native Americans believed that no one could own land. They
In standard one we covered seven sections that talked about how North America looked after and before the Revolutionary War. In 1.1 we went over how North America was separated between the Spanish, French, Dutch, and English and the distinctions between the four cultures. We mainly went over the 13 colonies of the English and how they were separated by regions. In 1.2 we talked about the events that led up to the Revolutionary War and the events that happened during the war. In 1.3 and 1.4 we discussed how the American colonies were after the war and the good and bad decisions that the colonist made in their government system. In 1.5 we discussed the levels and branches of governments and checks and balances. In 1.6 and 1.7 we covered the
The first people (Indians) to fill the lands were the Asians. The Asian people migrated across an isthmus called the Bering Isthmus. They moved all throughout America. They created tribes like the Mayans, Aztecs, and