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Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)
Kant, Immanuel (känt). An eminent German philosopher; born at Königsberg, April 22, 1724; died there, Feb. 12, 1804. His three great works were: ‘Kritik der Reinen Vernunft’ (Critique of Pure Reason: 1781), which attempts to define the nature of those of our ideas which lie outside of experience, and to establish the basis of valid knowledge; ‘Kritik der Praktischen Vernunft’ (Critique of the Practical Reason: 1788), which bases the ideas of God, freedom, and immortality on the ethical consciousness alone, denying that we have any right to hold them otherwise; ‘Kritik der Urteilskraft’ (Critique of the Power of Judgment: 1790). He wrote also on cosmic physics, æsthetics, pedagogy, ethics, the metaphysical basis of law, etc. He was professor of logic and metaphysics at the University of Königsberg. (See Critical and Biographical Introduction).