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John Toland (1670–1722)
Toland, John. A British free-thinking philosopher; born at Redcastle near Londonderry, Ireland, Nov. 30, 1670; died near London, 1721–22. He studied theology at Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Leyden. Among many argumentative theological works are: ‘Christianity Not Mysterious’ (1696); ‘Letters to Serena’ (1704), Serena being Sophia, Queen of Prussia—in these letters he repudiates the doctrines of a God outside this universe, and of personal immortality; ‘Adeisidæmon’ (1709), a tractate on belief in dæmons; ‘Nazarenus; or, Jewish, Gentile, and Mahometan Christianity’ (171–8); ‘Pantheisticon’ (1720).