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Raphael Pumpelly (1837–1923)
Pumpelly, Raphael (pum-pel’li). An eminent American geologist and author; born at Oswego, NY, Sept. 8, 1837; died in 1923. In his early life he conducted explorations for the governments of Japan and China; was professor at Harvard for several years; and from 1879 to 1892 geologist in charge of the Archæan division of the United States Geological Survey. His chief works are: ‘Geological Researches in China, Mongolia, and Japan’ (1867); ‘Across America and Asia’ (1870); ‘Mining Industries of the United States’; ‘Explorations in Central Asia’ (1905); ‘Prehistoric Civilization of Anau’ (1908).