A SNP array has identified a mutation in a tumor suppressor in a patient’s cancerous tumor. A drug commonly used to target this protein is very effective in promoting apoptosis in this patient’s cancer and does not show any toxic effect towards healthy cells. The mutation identified in the SNP array is likely a mutation that: Question 1 options: results in decreased metabolism of the drug. increases the toxicity to healthy cells. results in an increased efficacy of the drug. results in the targeted gene being resistant to this therapy.

A SNP array has identified a mutation in a tumor suppressor in a patient’s cancerous tumor. A drug commonly used to target this protein is very effective in promoting apoptosis in this patient’s cancer and does not show any toxic effect towards healthy cells. The mutation identified in the SNP array is likely a mutation that: Question 1 options: results in decreased metabolism of the drug. increases the toxicity to healthy cells. results in an increased efficacy of the drug. results in the targeted gene being resistant to this therapy.

Nutrition Now

8th Edition

ISBN:9781337415408

Author:Brown

Publisher:Brown

Chapter22: Diet And Cancer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11RQ

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For many years, targeted therapies for cancer treatment continue to be developed, however more and more patients are developing resistance to targeted therapies. Discuss one mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies for cancer and provide an example of how might creatively combat it using clinical concepts.
Which of the following statements are true about the rate of mutation in tumor cells (select all that apply)? A. Mutation rate of tumor cells is reduced compared to normal cells of the same tissue type B. Mutation rate of tumor cells is unchanged compared to normal cells of the same tissue type C. Mutation rate in tumor cells is higher compared to normal cells of the same tissue type D. Affected by genome instability within the tumor cells
The best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of cell that became cancerous to give rise to the tumor. For some tumors that have colonized a distant location (metastasized), identifying the parental cell type can be difficult. Because the type of IF protein expressed is cell-type-specific, using monoclonal antibodies that react with only one type of IF protein can help in this identification. What IF proteins would you produce monoclonal antibodies against to identify (a) a sarcoma of muscle cell origin, (b) an epithelial cell carcinoma, and (c) an astrocytoma (glial cell tumor)?
during tumor progression, additional mutations occur within multiple cells of a tumor population, leading to multiple different clones of cells within that tumor. Some) but not all) clones may eventually metastasize, depending on the number and type of mutations that occur in those clones. true false
As mentioned above, Bob needs a bone marrow transplant. Given Bob's age and overall health, the doctor's decide to perform a "mini-transplant" of bone marrow. This procedure requires much less chemotherapy and radiation than traditional bone marrow transplants. It is designed to remove some of the patient's existing bone marrow, to suppress the cancer cells, and to prevent the patient's body from rejecting the bone marrow transplant. This type of transplant is still considered experimental for MDS treatment. It takes Bob a month to go through the chemotherapy and radiation treatments to ready his body for transplant. 6. When the doctor does blood work on Bob at this point, what blood cells do you expect to be at lower than normal levels? I
Metastasis occurs when cells from a primary tumor invade and colonize other tissues. Metastasis is a complex, multistep process. Tumor cells must lose adhesion with other tumor cells, invade local tissues and vessels, move through the circulation, leave the vessels, and finally, establish new colonies at distant sites. Tumor cells gain the ability to cross epithelial layers and migrate through tissues by mutations, although the nature of the mutations that drive metastasis is poorly understood. Mutations that block expression of the E-cadherin gene are thought to be an important step in metastasis. The absence of E-cadherin expression could affect metastasis by blocking cell adhesion directly, by releasing signaling proteins bound to the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin, or by both mechanisms. To better understand how loss of E-cadherin contributes to metastasis, scientists created two cell lines that differed in their expression of E-cadherin. One cell line was blocked for expression…
Heterotypic interactions of tumor cells have been a fertile area for potential therapeutic interventions. Find a specific example of a drug/therapy that targets these interactions and explain the mechanism by which it treats cancer.
A microarray is a technique used to develop a profile of the messenger RNA being transcribed by cells at a particular point in the life cycle of the cell. This allows the researcher to detect the expression of particular genes at a particular time. Microarrays have proven very useful in the detection of genes involved in certain types of cancer. If the product of a particular gene functions as a tumor suppressor, which piece of evidence do you think would be the most useful in the diagnosis of a cancer due to a nonsense mutation in this tumor-suppressor gene? (Hint: Don't worry about what a microarray is. Think about what you know about mitosis, cancer, and types of mutation.) O The tissue sample responds to treatment with a mitosis-promoting compound. O The tissue sample shows a high level of gene expression relative to a control (noncancerous) sample. O The mRNAs for the targeted tumor suppressor sequence are not being produced. O The mRNAs for cyclins and kinases show unusually high…
Chemotherapeutic agents can promote apoptosis in cancer cells by these mechanisms except; Group of answer choices Downregulating MCL1 expression Increasing BCL-2 expression Increased p53 expression Increased BIM (BH-3) expression
The C-myc gene is a proto-oncogene which is highly expressed in breast tissue and appears to cause proliferation of breast tissue and its elevated expression is associated with breast cancer. Based just on the ChIP data from the previous questions (also shown below), which of the three drugs (estrogen, tamoxifen and raloxifene) would you recommend for treating breast cancer? Justify your response and explain the potential side effects of each drug.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. Question: What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples. Please explain in detail the main findings with your own words.
Suppose there is a new drug targeting a type of cancer and the clinical trials are to be done with cancer patients, outline and explain the potential set-up of the evaluation for effect of the new drug. (Hint: The set-up should not jeopardize the patients receiving a placebo.)

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	results in decreased metabolism of the drug.
	increases the toxicity to healthy cells.
	results in an increased efficacy of the drug.
	results in the targeted gene being resistant to this therapy.