Research in Nursing NSG 3301 Qualitative Research Critique: Perspectives of Smoke-free Policies in Hospitals Carissa Genrick 7705851 University of Ottawa April 10th, 2016 Professor Pat Durston Qualitative Research Critique: Perspectives of Smoke-free Policies in Hospitals The research article and study “A qualitative investigation of smoke-free policies on hospital property” by Annette Schultz, Barry Finegan, Candace. Nykiforuk, and Margaret A. Kvern, had a purpose “to determine the consequences of policies mandating smoke-free hospital property in two Canadian acute-care hospitals by eliciting lived experiences of the people faced with enacting the policies.” (Schultz, Finegan, Nykiforuk, & Kvern, 2011, p.1334-1335). To …show more content…
The research design is appropriate for answering the research question, which was determining the consequences and perspectives from patients and health care providers on the new policies mandating smoke-free hospital properties. The research design is appropriate because ethnographic research is based on studying patterns of behaviour within a culture. This study was based on studying patterns of behaviours on smoking-policies but the study mostly aimed to gain perspectives from a variety of individuals. Ethnographic method is great for the study in the fact that it can be used to include behavioural and cognitive perspectives, which in this case the study focused on observing behaviours of smoking and if the policies were being followed and also included the perspectives on the new smoke-free policies. Also ethnographic research usually focuses on studying one culture. This study did try to focus on one specific culture, but the population had “diversity” consisting of smokers and non-smokers. The culture that was viewed in the study was tobacco use and management. Sample and Setting It was stated in the study’s paper that “sampling was designed to enhance the diversity of perspectives heard from each study site while achieving comparable diversity between sites.”(p.1335). Sampling methods that were used to target diversity include convenience and stratified quota strategies to recruit participants
Every year, there are over 400,000 smoking-related deaths in the United States. A large percentage of these are due to lung cancer, whose leading cause is smoking. However, not all deaths are smokers themselves. Anyone in the vicinity can fall victim to second hand smoke. These people, through no action of their own, can have their lives threatened.
The 1997 Declaration of the Environment Leaders of the Group of Eight countries on Children’s
Medically secondhand smoke causes a lot of medical issues such as cancer, heart disease, coughing, mucus, chest discomfort, reduced lung function, asthma attacks, and low-birth-weights. Ethically there is a violation of people’s
Federal Restrictions and Guidelines in Smoking and Politics by A. Lee Frischlet and James M. Hoelfer
In 2007, Tennessee, one of the largest tobacco-producing state in the United States endorsed the Non-Smoker Protection Act (NSPA) that banned smoking in enclosed areas in Tennessee with some exceptions (“Information for Employers”, n.d.). The law went into effect on June 11, 2007 and municipalities had to observe it no longer than October 1, 2007. This law was enforced by the Tennessee Department of Health. In 2006, Tennessee ranked 5th in the highest percentage of current smokers among the 50 states (Bauer & L, 2008). The Tennessee legislature recognized smoking in public places as a public health problem,
It was in 1964 that the Surgeon General of the United States first published a report on the ill-effects of smoking cigarettes, and within a year the first law requiring health warnings on cigarette packages was in effect. From that point, the government has slowly, but continually, imposed more and more restrictions on the use of tobacco products. Throughout the 1960s, 70's, 80's, and 90's, the both individual jurisdictions within the State of California, as well as the entire state, continued to impose tougher and tougher restrictions on smoking cigarettes until 1994, when California became the first state in the union to pass a law which completely prohibited smoking in most enclosed workplaces. ("Secondhand Smoke Exposure") This law, which took effect in 1998, restricted smoking in all enclosed places of employment including offices, factories, bars and restaurants. But by the early 21st century, the current restrictions were not enough for California's lawmakers and a push was started to ban smoking in all public places. Since the passage of these restrictions in the 1990's, there has been a great deal of change in the state with advocates of the smoking ban pointing to the increased health benefits for the citizens of the state, while opponents focus on the economic damaged in the business community caused by the restrictions. It is therefore necessary to examine the State of California and its ban on smoking and how it has
A number of states have passed some sort of law protecting employees from employer discrimination based on legal off-duty conduct, and many of these laws explicitly protect the use of tobacco products (Garcia, 2008). Some health systems have justified this ban under non-profit status, Garicia (2008) explains, smoking is often contrary to the mission of the health system and as non-profit entities, their mission is the key to their success. The opponents of banning smokers for the workforce claim that it provides undue hardship in obtaining or retaining employment (Sulzberger, 2011). While the legal aspect may still be gray in some areas, I find the social aspect already determined. If I were running an HCO, my recommendations would be to follow the plan of no longer hiring smokers, and not allowing smoking on the premises of the hospital, but perhaps grandfathering in the people who already work for the organization. If the HCO were to enact a ban on smoking for all employees, they would certainly need to offer cessation programs free to all current smokers. Not doing so could result in major pushback for the organization. My last recommendation would be to emphasize that the policy is about the effects of smoking and tobacco use, and not the user. Sulzberger (2011) says that this an important aspect of implementing a tobacco ban, this strategy helps employees understand that it’s the not action of smoking but the negative effects it has on both the user and those around
The immediate concerns in the policy are the property sites that are not required to be smoke-free and the exclusion of e-cigarettes and vaping units. Both leave numerous tenants exposed to secondhand, especially those with shared ventilation systems. According to Browne et al., (2015) the social determinants of health are significantly central to everyone’s lives. Public health starts where individuals “live, learn, work, and play”, i.e. the resources that are available, the conditions in homes and surrounding community, where children play, where individuals work, and their behavior and lifestyle choices. Therefore, appropriate and necessary, that public housing and immediate surroundings should be smoke-free.
Millions of people are smokers in the United States. “In 2011, an estimated 19.0% (43.8) million United States adults were current cigarette smokers” (“Cigarette Smoking in the”). This number does not include all the underage smokers that are unaccounted. Cigarette smoking has very serious and fatal side effects. Some of these side effects include asthma, cancer, diabetes, heart disease and stroke, COPD, and Buerger’s disease. Tobacco use is a preventable death sentence. Smokers are not only harming themselves but the people around them breathing the second-hand smoke. “Each year, about 46,000 nonsmokers in the United States die from heart disease caused by second-hand smoke” (“Cigarette Smoking in the”). This number is
Effective on August 1, 2015 Berry College became a tobacco-free campus. This tobacco-free policy applies to all employees, students, contractors and guests on campus. Included in the tobacco-free policy is smoking, e-cigs, cigars, vapor, and chewing tobacco. While it may not seem like this policy will affect many people at Berry, a study done by the Harvard School of Public Health found that on average a third of college students use tobacco and in addition the Center for Disease Control found in 2013 that around 5.6 percent of graduate level educated adults use tobacco (“Current Cigarette,” 2015; Schorr, 2015). President Briggs commented on the policy saying, “Berry bears a responsibility to foster healthy decisions consistent with long-establish
While by in large America has a decreasing rate of smoking the south has not reached the same rates of decline as other parts of the country. The problem can be seen through higher rates of lung cancers and other respiratory ailments; the health risk contributes to an increased cost burden on a group of Americans already considered to be poorer than the rest of the country. One possible solution to the problem of US smoking rates is combating it through stronger anti-smoking laws. The government has already reduced rates by limiting smoking in public spaces, and it has proposed to raise the smoking age which could play an important role in decreasing the percentage of smokers in the long term. It is also important to consider the tobacco industry’s
Proposed bills are being passed around in many different states to ban the use of cigarette smoking. Banning the controlled substance, nicotine, will put people in jail or up to a 6,250 fine if they continue to use the drug. Even though banning cigarette smoking will be hard to do, many civilians argue a good reason to ban the drug is because of all the lives that tobacco takes. Many places and manufacture companies have already banned and discourage tobacco use on their property due to the dangerous effects tobacco causes. The effects are smoking are very hazardous and causes many diseases. Clinical directors and Health Initiative Programs explain the causes and effects cigarette smoking causes. The ultimate goal is to have the world free
The United States of America is a country who wants the best for its people. For centuries we have been a melting pot of immigrants and people have come here to pursue a better life. America cares for its citizens and looks out for their best interests. One of the many ways this is done is by the banning of harmful substances. When something is deemed overly harmful we ban it to stop our citizens from using it and therefore protect them. This is done when drugs such as LSD are banned or firearms without a proper permit are not permitted. One substance this is not done with is tobacco. Tobacco is harmful and causes death. Cigarette smoking is responsible for over 400,000 deaths a year in the United States. There are no benefits to smoking tobacco,
if cigarettes were banned in the United States, the government could apend the money currently used to pay medical bills, on more necessary causes. Instead of this money being used for diseases which were knowingly brought upon by the smoker him or herslf, this money could be used in finding a cure for diseases that are not preventable. Perhaps the saddest effect of smoking is that on pregnant smokers and their babies. When pregnant women smoke, their babies are being forced to smoke, too. many women begin smoking at an early age and find it hard to quit even during pregnancy. Information given from Health Watch discribes smoking as a harmful gas and deadly substance thats passes throughout baby's blood
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable illness and death in the United States. It causes many different diseases like cancer and lung disease etc. Each day more than 3,200 people under 18 smoke there first cigarette, and 2,100 youth and young adults become daily smokers. 9 to 10 smokers start before 18, and 98% start by the age of 26. From 1964 to 2014 the proportion of adults smokers declined from 42.0% to 18.0%. More than 20 million Americans have died because of smoking since 1964, including approximately 2.5 million deaths due to exposure to secondhand smoke. 5.6 million children alive today will die early from smoking. That is equal to 1 child out of every 13 alive in the US today. 18 million males over the age of 20 suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED). Smoking