A major problem in fighting pathogenic bacteria is known as the 'antiseptic dilemma'. Explain what this "dilemma" is, why it's a problem, and how antibiotics like penicillin avoid this problem.
Q: Give one example of selective toxicity used as an antimicrobial mechanism. Explain your answer
A: The selective toxicity of antibiotics is related to the effectiveness of the antibiotics against the…
Q: A bacterium can protect itself against antibiotics in different ways. Describe 4 fundamentally…
A: Antibiotic resistance refers to the resistance of bacteria against the antibiotics. This allows the…
Q: which antimicrobial drugs are produced naturally?
A: Antimicrobial drugs produced naturally are Biofilms. Biofilm is assemblage of surface -associated…
Q: Mention and describe the two types of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
A: The emergence of resistance among the most essential bacterial pathogens is recognised as a main…
Q: Which of the following inhibitors are correctly grouped? (Hint: same target) O cyanide, amytal,…
A: The electron transport chain is composed of four complexes named NADH dehydrogenase, Succinate…
Q: Discuss two possible ways that microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance.
A: Antibiotics are common metabolic products that are extracted from aerobic bacteria and fungi. They…
Q: Identify examples of cell-wall antibiotics that are not beta-lactam drugs.
A: Antibiotics are the chemicals that prevent or inhibit the growth of some microbes such as bacteria.
Q: List and explain in your own words the 5 mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistance
A: Introduction: Antimicrobials selectively destroy/prevent the formation of germs such as bacteria…
Q: List four mechanisms that bacteria have developed through mutation to resist antimicrobial drugs
A: Antimicrobial drugs or antibiotics are the chemicals that can kill or slow the spread of bacteria.…
Q: List five cellular or structural mechanisms that microbes use to resist antimicrobials.
A: The organisms that are not observed by unaided eyes are the microorganisms. These may be…
Q: The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a special class of nonspecific cell-derived mediators with…
A: innate system of immunity is the first defense of the body . anti microbial peptides are part of the…
Q: Considering having the same targets, Which of the following inhibitors are correctly grouped? A.…
A: Enzymes are a class of proteins that elevates the pace of the reactions that occur within the body…
Q: What are the 4 main targets of antimicrobials? Provide the rationale why each is a good target
A: An antimicrobial is an agent that destroys, or prevents the growth of, microorganisms. It is…
Q: Differentiate between a microbistatic and microbicidal agent.
A: Microbicidal and microbiostatic generally fall within the antibacterial scope. The toxic gas…
Q: Explain the significance of antibiotic resistance.
A: Answer- Antibiotic resistance is the ability of the bacteria to resist the antibiotic.
Q: The table below shows the response of our ESKAPE safe relatives to 4 bacteria isolated from a master…
A: Antibiotics are the chemical substances that inhibit the growth of microbes.
Q: Acyclovir can be used to treated virus-infected cells. Explain how?
A: Acyclovir is an antiviral medication which is primarily used for the treatment of viral disesases…
Q: The structures of two antiviral drugs are shown below. Draw the structures of the natural compounds…
A: Antiviral drugs are considered as the class of medications, which is used to treat the infections…
Q: With the help of two (2) examples, define antibiotics
A: Antibiotics are widely used to treat certain infections cause by bacteria.
Q: Name the five mechanisms of action we utilize to fight microorganisms and list one antibacterial…
A: Antibacterial drugs are defined as chemicals or chemical substance obtained from a biological source…
Q: Distinguish minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).…
A: Antibiotics are the medicines which are used to cure infections which are caused by bacteria. These…
Q: At what stage of the drug development pathways can molecular conjugation and bioconjugation based…
A: Conjugation- Glucuronidation, the most common phase II reaction, is the only one that occurs in the…
Q: How Antibiotic resistance will develop? Give one example ?Use your own words to explain?
A: Antibiotics are the chemical substances that used to stop or destroy the activity of various micro…
Q: All of the following are characteristics of defensins except: A. There are two classes of…
A: Plants are exposed to different variety of pests and pathogens in nature. It has developed various…
Q: What role does osmotic pressure play in regard to the action of the drug penicillin against a…
A: Antibiotics formed from the Penicillium molds are termed as penicillin. The group of penicillin…
Q: The table below shows the response of our ESKAPE safe relatives to 4 bacteria isolated from a master…
A: Introduction :- Antibiotics are the drugs or the medicine's that are mostly referred in any kind of…
Q: What is meant by resistant? Give the mechanism by which organisms develop resistance.
A: Antibiotics can be classified based on the mechanism of action. These functions include the…
Q: In a lysogenic pathway, antisense Cro is made. Explain why this renders Cro to be inactive?
A: The lytic and lysogenic pathways have shown a good illustration of transcriptional regulation in…
Q: Spectrum of activity describes how many species of microbes a drug works against. Broad-spectrum…
A: Antibiotics are the secondary metabolites obtained from a group of microbes to inhibit the action of…
Q: Describe five modes of action for antibiotics. For each, provide one example
A: Fluoroquinolones: - They act by inhibiting two enzymes involved in bacterial DNA synthesis…
Q: Suggest a possible mechanism for how a microbe that becomes resistant to an antimicrobial chemical…
A: Resistance bacteria Those bacteria which survive and reproduce in the presence of antibiotic drug.
Q: Match these drugs from these functions Cell wall synthesis inhibitors 50s Ribosomal subunit…
A: Drugs These are chemical substances that have the capability to alter the physiology of the…
Q: describe four modes of action of antimicrobial agents, and give a specific example of how each works
A:
Q: Define the terms antiseptic and disinfectant. using one named example of each describe their modes…
A: Hi! As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which is to be answered, we are…
Q: Explain the effect of beta-lactamase in antimicrobial resistance. Include: who produces it, why it…
A: beta lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that provide them anti microbial resistance…
Q: Why might you expect a small dose of puromycin to be less effective in repressing bacterial growth…
A: Introduction: Bacteria are little single-celled organisms. These microbes are discovered wherever on…
Q: The table below shows the response of our ESKAPE safe relatives to 4 bacteria isolated from a master…
A: Introduction :- Antibiotic are the drugs or medicine which are mostly used against the bacterial…
Q: To keep antibiotic resistance to a minimum, would it be better to use a broad spectrum antibiotic or…
A: Microorganisms can be killed in many ways such as using Sterilization, Pasteurization by using high…
Q: Contrast various microbes and rate their variations in resistance tocontrol agents.
A: Microorganisms are small organism that cannot be seen by naked eyes. Microorganism can be harmful to…
Q: Explain the action of SPS as anticoagulant for blood culture
A: Blood culture is a test that is performed to detect the presence of infection in the bloodstream of…
Q: Define the zone of inhibition. What can the size of the zone of inhibition tell us about a drug’s…
A: Drugs inhibit the growth of certain microbes.
Q: Describe the difference between broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibiotics. Describe the pros…
A: The term “antibiotics” refers to any substance that inhibits the growth and eventually kills any…
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- Below, you can see a picture of an antimicrobial drug. Regarding semi-synthetic antimicrobial drug development to try to avoid development of antibiotic resistance, use 1 sentence to address what is the significance/value of the presence of the various R-groups (e.g. R4, R5, R6, etc.)?Make a conceptual framework based on this concept (Antimicrobial Resistance).A bacterium can protect itself against antibiotics in different ways. Describe 4 fundamentally differentmechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Discuss whether there are any basicdifferences or similarities between these 4 mechanisms and, if so, describe them.
- Whether an antimicrobial is broad spectrum or narrow spectrum depends on its mode of action. For the following 2 hypothetical drugs, predict whether they are broad spectrum or narrow spectrum. Explain your reasoning: 4. a. Drug A interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis - b. Drug B interferes with 70S ribosome function- c. Drug C interferes with synthesis of a vitamin –There are many bacterial-antimicrobial resistance combinations. Which one of the following is of maior international concern? a. Sulfonamide resistance in Neisseria meningitides b. Penicillin G resistance in N. gonorrhoeae C. Ampicillin resistance in H. influenza d. Erythromycin resistance in S. pyogenes (group A streptococci) e. Vancomycin resistance in S. aureusHow can drug resistance in microorganisms be circumvented?
- The structures of two antiviral drugs are shown below. Draw the structures of the natural compounds they mimic and briefly describe in your own words the mechanism of action of these drugs. Br- `NH НО N' HO-P Но- HO Но. он (a) Foscarnet (b) BrivudinePalivizumab is a humanized monoclonal anitbody for the prohylaxis of resporatory diseases caused by respiratory syncytical virus (RSV) Researches added palivizumab ( or anitbody 101F as positive control) to RSV prior to incubation with human cells. Based on what you learned about palivizumab what does the data recorded below demonstrate about palivizumab mechanism of action?With the aid of diagrams, illustrate the biochemical basis of the following: Allopurinol used in the management of gout Hydroxyurea as an antineoplastic agent 6-mercaptopurine, an anticancer agent Trimethoprim, an antibacterial agent
- Explain the phenomenon of drug resistance from the standpoint ofmicrobial genetics (include a description of R factors).Biotransformation is an important concept in pharmacology, which amongst others, enables the effective administration of prodrugs. Provide a detailed description of factors influencing the biotransformation of drugs.Name the five mechanisms of action we utilize to fight microorganisms and list one antibacterial drug for each.