Concept explainers
hich noble gas has the same electron configuration as each of the ions in the following compounds?
msp;
(a)
Interpretation:
The noble gas atoms that have the same configuration as each of the ions in the given compound are to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electron configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electron configuration of that atom.
Atoms lose or gain electrons to become stable by attaining nearest noble gas configuration. While doing so, they are converted to their respective ions. The positive ion and the negative ion combine to form their corresponding salt.
Answer to Problem 105AP
Explanation of Solution
The salt given is
The cation present in
The electron configuration of
Calcium present in
The anion present in
The electron configuration of
Bromine present in
(b)
Interpretation:
The noble gas atoms that have the same configuration as each of the ions in the given compound are to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electron configuration. The description of every electron that is moving freely in an orbital is given by the electron configuration of that atom.
Atoms lose or gain electrons to become stable by attaining nearest noble gas configuration. While doing so, they are converted to their respective ions. The positive ion and the negative ion combine to form their corresponding salt.
Answer to Problem 105AP
Explanation of Solution
The salt given is
The cation present in
The electron configuration of
Aluminum present in
The anion present in
The electron configuration of
Selenium present in
(c)
Interpretation:
The noble gas atoms that have the same configuration as each of the ions in the given compound are to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electron configuration. The description of every electron that is moving freely in an orbital is given by the electron configuration of that atom.
Atoms lose or gain electrons to become stable by attaining nearest noble gas configuration. While doing so, they are converted to their respective ions. The positive ion and the negative ion combine to form their corresponding salt.
Answer to Problem 105AP
Explanation of Solution
The salt given is
The cation present in
The electron configuration of
Strontium present in
The anion present in
The electron configuration of
Oxygen present in
(d)
Interpretation:
The noble gas atoms that have the same configuration as each of the ions in the given compound are to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electron configuration. The description of every electron that is moving freely in an orbital is given by the electron configuration of that atom.
Atoms lose or gain electrons to become stable by attaining nearest noble gas configuration. While doing so, they are converted to their respective ions. The positive ion and the negative ion combine to form their corresponding salt.
Answer to Problem 105AP
Explanation of Solution
The salt given is
The cation present in
The electron configuration of
Potassium present in
The anion present in
The electron configuration of
Sulfur present in
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
- A common trait of simple organic compounds is to have Lewis structures where all atoms have a formal charge of zero. Consider the following incomplete Lewis structure for an organic compound called methyl cyanoacrylate, the main ingredient in Super Glue. Draw a complete Lewis structure for methyl cyanoacrylate in which all atoms have a formal charge of zero.arrow_forwarda. How many sticks did you need to make the skeleton structure?____________ b. How many sticks are left over? ____________ If your model is to obey the octet rule, each ball must have four sticks in it except for hydrogen atom balls, which need and can only have one. Each atom in an octet rule species is surrounded by four pairs of electrons. c. How many holes remain to be filled? ____________ Fill them with the remaining sticks, which represent nonbonding electron pairs. Draw the complete Lewis structure for NH2Cl using lines for bonds and pairs of dots for nonbonding electrons.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by a chemical bond? Why do atoms form bonds with each other? Why do some elements exist as molecules in nature instead of as free atoms?arrow_forward
- Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule for each of the following molecules. a. CCl4 b. NCl3 c. SeCl2 d. ICl In each case, the atom listed first is the central atom.arrow_forwardEthanol can be made by the reaction of ethylene and water: H2C=CH2(g) + H2O(g) CH3CH2OH(g) Use bond dissociation enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change in this reaction. Compare the value obtained to the value calculated from enthalpies of formation.arrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions: (a) CS (b) BF4 (c) HNO2 (where the arrangement of atoms is HONO) (d) OSCl2 (where S is the central atom)arrow_forward
- Which of the following compounds requires the most energy to convert one mole of the solid into separate ions? (a) MgO (b) SrO (c) KF (d) CsF (e) MgF2arrow_forwardBond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardBorazine (B3N3H6) has often been called inorganic benzene. Write Lewis structures for borazine. Borazine contains a six-membered ring of alternating boron and nitrogen atoms with one hydrogen bonded to each boron and nitrogen.arrow_forward
- Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule (duet rule for H) for each of the following molecules. a. H2CO b. CO2 c. HCN Carbon is the central atom in all of these molecules.arrow_forwardWhen an element forms an anion, what happens to the radius? When an element forms a cation, what happens to the radius? Why? Define the term isoelectronic. When comparing size of ions. Which ion has the largest radius and which ion has the smallest radius in an isoelectronic series? Why?arrow_forward
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